A comprehensive birth-to-kindergarten program was evaluated by classroom observations and teacher ratings of 132 participant children and 366 comparison children during fall and spring of the kindergarten year. Adjusting for possible effects of children's background characteristics, advantages for participants over comparison children were…

Alternate approaches to traditional research techniques available for the physical educator are: (1) field research, using structured and unstructured observation in actual settings; (2) survey analysis to ascertain current conditions or practice; (3) field experiments conducted in actual settings with experimenter controls; (4) time series…

To investigate the development of preschoolers' social-cognitive play behaviors, ten preschoolers (two, three and four years old) were observed in their classrooms on 15 occasions by a time-sampling schedule. Social-cognitive behavior coding (Parten and Smilansky) indicates that children's play became more social as they grew older. (Author/PN)

The social process in clinical decision-making in emergency rooms was studied. Data from interviews and direct observation at two large urban general hospitals with busy emergency rooms staffed by medical and surgical residents are presented. Situations call for individual, consultive, or consensual patterns in making decisions. (Author/MSE)

Describes a first grade classroom in which children learn the concept of "author" by writing their own books, which are then shared with the rest of the class. (HTH)

An observation instrument designed to be applicable across teaching situations (both grade levels and educational strategies) is presented with evidence regarding its efficiency and generalizability. The dependability of scores yielded is assessed by a generalizability study, and recommendations concerning number and item types in the measure are…

Provides a description of the 21 specific behavioral categories of the Inventory of Counselor Behaviors (ICB), along with research and counselor training implications. (Author)

Compared the effects of cognitive-behavioral treatment, behavioral treatment or an attention-control condition on 27 non-self-controlled children. The cognitive-behavioral intervention improved teachers' ratings of self-control and children's self-reported self-concept. Off-task verbal and physical behaviors suggested treatment efficacy.…

The article describes the Coping Inventory, an observation instrument used to assess 48 coping behaviors and to develop a profile which generates goals and objectives in a preschool learning handicapped child's individualized education plan aimed at increasing coping competence. (Author/SB)

The behavior of 15 internal medicine residents was observed through a one-way mirror and ratings by the patients of satisfaction with their physicians were obtained. The teaching of caring skills and which physician caring skills affect the patients' satisfaction are discussed. (Author/MLW)

The Clinical Skills Assessment Form, a 12-item rating scale used for assessing the clinical skills of pediatric candidates during their final clinical examination, is described. The structure, reliability, and concurrent validity of the scale are analyzed. Further research using the scale is outlined. (Author/AL)

Discusses the use of self-reports written by informants as a complement to observation by anthropologists. Describes a study that used observation to validate self-reported time budgets, in which data gathered in those two ways were found to support usage of the time budget for particular purposes. (Author)

Four experiments show that observers can selectively attend to one of two stationary superimposed pictures. Selective recognition occurred with large displays in which observers were free to make eye movements during a 3-sec exposure and with small displays in which observers were instructed to fixate steadily on a point. (Author/RD)

Investigates the role of pupil language in classroom learning through an ethnographic study of one "good" teacher and her class, particularly three average and above-average pupils. (HOD)

Results indicate that (1) social support is the best predictor of secure attachment and is most important for mothers with irritable babies, (2) maternal unresponsiveness is associated with resistance during reunion episodes and appears to be a mechanism through which anxious attachment develops, and (3) social support may mitigate the effects of…