Spouse abuse research has indicated that marital violence occurs in all age groups, among all races, and in all levels of education and social class. To provide further information by comparing battered and exbattered women, 18 battered and 14 exbattered women completed a questionnaire about themselves and their assailants. Information was…

A study of the stability of teacher behavior over time was formulated through two major questions: (1) Is the behavior of an individual teacher consistent over time? and (2) Are individual differences among teachers consistent over time? Regrettably, the first question has rarely been considered in previous investigations of the stability of…

This cross-cultural study examined how students assessed as having different personality types (as designated by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) define peace, what attitudes these students hold toward peace, and the influence these students feel that have on the future. The sample was 378 students (ages 14-18 years) from West Germany, Poland, the…

Performance aspects of three samples (N=58) of students enrolled in computer science literacy courses for educators were studied. The person-environment congruence concept of Holland's model of vocational behavior was used to predict class performance. The model uses a classification system which arranges six vocational types in a hexagonal…

Austin Independent School District's (AISD's) elementary promotion/retention policy is designed to promote the full development of learners' potential and accommodate individual needs. It requires that all those at least one year behind in reading basals (grades 1-6) or math competencies (grades 4-6) be considered for retention. AISD tries to help…

A review of research on the effects of aging on motor performance provided evidence that age-induced changes within the central nervous system, particularly in the functioning of the non-dominant cortical hemisphere, result in diminished fluid abilities. The loss was most clearly manifested behaviorally as a decreased capacity to perform…

A qualitative study exploring the relationships between gender and world view as they manifested themselves in the experiences of 19 beginning faculty members within an elite research university is described. The study was directed by the following questions: (1) Do women and men interpret differently their experiences as beginning faculty in a…

A comparative study was made of ways in which teacher candidates and their non-teaching counterparts in college differ in their academic and social backgrounds and in their bases for career decisions. Questionnaires were submitted to 146 non-teaching students and 258 teacher candidates. Analysis of survey findings indicated that: (1) the high…

Military and personnel training research addressing individual differences in training environments appears in four general research areas. These include the study of (1) trainee cognitive strategies, learning styles, and sensory modalities; (2) noncognitive characteristics of trainees; (3) aptitude-performance interactions; and (4) the effects of…

Alcohol researchers have sought to characterize the relationship between cue responsivity and alcohol consumption by alcoholics. This study used the beverage tasting paradigm to test for differences in cue responsivity in adolescent sons of alcoholics. It was hypothesized that, compared to sons of nonalcoholics, sons of alcoholics would be more…

The purposes of the present study were (1) to determine if there were significant differences in the divergent thinking ability of kindergarten children who engage in much fantasy play behavior as opposed to those who engage in little fantasy play behavior, and (2) to determine the effect of sex, socioeconomic status, and previous preschool group…

While some people have difficulty adjusting to retirement, others seem to adjust easily. The search for theory to explain the source of positive retirement may require research methods to develop theory rather than to test theory. Grounded theory methodology was used to determine the characteristics and sources of characteristics of adults who had…

Recent experiments have shown that people process information about themselves more efficiently than other kinds of information. To investigate individual differences in the processing of self-relevant information, subjects (N=41) rated the self- and other-applicability of 90 traits and completed nine standard personality scales. Several measures…

This report is the third in a series of research projects concerning abilities and performance processes, particularly in school mathematics. A theoretical scrutiny of traditional psychometric testing, cognitive processes, their interrelationships, and an empirical application of the theoretical considerations on the level of junior secondary…

A discussion is presented on classroom learning centers specifically designed to teach a concept, a unit, or a larger part of the curriculum. The four basic types of learning centers (diagnostic, enrichment, motivational, prescriptive) are described. Examples are given of how learning centers may vary, depending upon their objectives, and a…