Mental models or implicit theories held by adults about everyday problem solving were studied. Research questions were posed to 12 male and 12 female adults, aged 25 to 60 years, from a wide range of educational and occupational orientations. Subjects were interviewed in pairs. Verbal Protocol Analysis was used to analyze the data from two…

The field of education has largely ignored the concept of the dialectic, except in the Socratic teaching method, and even there bipolar meaning or reasoning has not been recognized. Mainstream educational psychology bases its assumptions about human reasoning and learning on current demonstrative concepts of information processing and levels of…

The relationship between language and symbolic play was studied in a sample of children identified as referential in style (multiple noun utterances exceeded pronoun or no-noun utterances), as compared with a sample identified as expressive in style (pronoun utterances or no-noun utterances exceeded multiple noun utterances). Children were…

Presents evidence that there are relatively stable individual differences in the belief in a just world and that these differences may underlie the ways in which people react to victimized persons and groups, both outside and inside the experimental laboratory. (Author/AM)

Article provided a systems approach to individualized instruction. (Editor/RK)

A popular children's TV series seeks to substitute understanding and sensitivity for the mystery that often surrounds the disabled. (Editor)

The twelve characteristics of an ideal training course discussed in the article are based on the workshop course Criterion-Referenced Instruction: Analysis, Design and Implementation by Bob Mager and Peter Pipe. Behavioral objectives, provision for student differences, practice, feedback, diverse materials, and progress information are some of the…

An examination of the implications of attempting to reconcile philosophical beliefs concerning equality of opportunity with observed differences in equality of performance, which argues that there can be no real escape from inequality. Efforts to ignore, deny, or cope with the issue of group differences and group inequality must exact a price,…

The level of assigned reading in textbooks is compared with the measured reading ability of pupils in the elementary grades 1-5. Results identify problem areas in the implementation of individualized instruction. (CS)

The concept of "multi-dimensionality" which attempts to explain differences between social classes in Lipset's formulation, has suffered from confusion regarding the level of analysis (individual or social class). In this study of college students, the multi-dimensional concept of political liberalism-conservatism was found to be unwarranted on…

This study was designed to investigate whether depressed mothers would show a predominantly negative affect or fail to provide a positive frame of experience for their babies. Two field studies of depressed mothers and their infants were conducted. A subgroup of 13 subjects and their babies from a larger project conducted in Cambridge…

A study examined the emergence of English writing in a kindergarten classroom where about three-quarters of the students were limited-English-proficient (LEP) and spoke a variety of native languages, including Spanish, Hmong, Lao, and Cambodian. Regular daily journal writing sessions were videotaped periodically and analyzed over the course of the…

An attempt is made, using a partial review of the literature, to present a non-technical overview of some of the child-related issues in simultaneous bilingualism. While controversy still rages in the area of bilingualism research, some definite changes can be discerned over the past 40 years. Opinion has shifted from a deficiency perspective to…

J. M. Richards (1989) has demonstrated that when individuals' reports about environments are aggregated to create environmental measures, the use of coefficient alpha to estimate single occasion reliability can be misleadingly elevated and that alpha cannot distinguish an environmental measure from a "disguised measure of individual…

An attempt was made to integrate script and schema-based approaches in an examination of children's early gender role development and gender typing. The examination focused on: (1) young children's sequencing of gender scripts and the relation of this sequencing to children's age, sex, and gender role knowledge; and (2) age-related differences in…