Explores administrators' basic modes of information processing: relating to and recalling information without considering implications; relating to information according to practical implications; posing critical questions about information's validity; and relating to information according to fundamental principles. Administrators have different…

Investigates the dominance of global versus local visual properties in four-month-old infants as a function of individual differences in fixation duration. Suggests that long-looking infants process visual information more slowly than short-looking infants, and there may be qualitative differences in the manner in which the two groups of infants…

Examined individual differences in 50 preschool children's pretend play with their mothers and siblings. Results indicated individual differences in the amount and sophistication of preschoolers' social pretend play and suggested that these individual differences are related to experiences in preschoolers' relationships with their mothers and…

Discusses the relationships between knowledge structure, teachers, and learners. Implications for designing an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) are considered; and it is argued that an ITS must model the world, the learner, and teacher-learner interaction to be successful. Experiments conducted to assess the practical usefulness of several…

To examine the persistence of phonological selectional constraints on young children's lexical choices, the words attempted in the conversational speech of a longitudinal sample of 12 normally developing preschoolers from age 2;0 to 5;0 were scored for syllabic length, presence of consonant clusters, and distribution of constituent phonemes. (29…

Presents results of a study using a switching regression model to correct for biases in assessing the gain in economic knowledge from high school economic courses. Explains that regressors used included geometry, civics, female, African-American, college, twelfth, and dummy variables. Reports substantial differences between students who elect…

The hypothesis that a task that increases in complexity (increasing its correlation with a central measure of intelligence) does so by increasing its dimensionality by tapping individual differences or another variable was supported by findings from 46 adults aged 20-70 years performing a mental counting task. (SLD)

Just as academic departments must balance the need for diversity and specialization in teaching and research interests, they must also acknowledge the potential contributions of the different personal styles and abilities of their faculty. Inner-directed (research-oriented) faculty and other-directed, client-centered faculty enrich the classroom…

The following models which provide an estimate of the reliability of a rating scale are described: (1) disattenuation; (2) common factor; (3) external criterion; (4) treatment effects; and (5) regression. Such models are especially useful in selecting, evaluating, and training participants in clinical research. (SLD)

Developmental changes in the pattern of 50 families' conversations about feelings were examined when the families' second-born children were 33 and 47 months old. The total amount of talk and the frequency of talk about feelings between sibling pairs increased, whereas the amount of mother-child conversation and references to feelings decreased.…

A reparameterization of a latent class model is presented to classify and scale nomial and ordered categorical choice data simultaneously. The model extension represents a nonhomogeneous population as a mixture of homogeneous subpopulations. Simulated data and data from a magazine preference survey of 347 college students illustrate the model.…

Phonological working memory and auditory processing skills were investigated in six children with central auditory processing (CAP) difficulties. Compared to children without the disorder, CAP children showed poorer abilities in nonword repetition and word recall and were sensitive to the phonological similarity and word length of the recall…

Discoursal construction is illustrated with 1 case (a 26-year old's academic essay) and then discussed in terms of Goffman's framework of self-representation through any form of social action. It is suggested that Critical Language Awareness, unlike other teaching/writing approaches, focuses explicitly on the discoursal construction of writer…

Sixty-four general secondary education teachers provided data on 32 test adaptations for students with disabilities. Data included awareness, use, integrity, effectiveness, and ease of use. Results suggest that teachers are likely to use modifications that they perceive to maintain academic integrity, be effective, and require little…

Inclusive schools have a cohesive sense of community open to differences and responsive to individual needs. This sense of community is disrupted by the practice of pulling out gifted children for special services. Inclusion involves changes in philosophy, curriculum, teaching strategy, and structural organization. Schools should embrace…