The traditional system focuses excessively on physical skills and physical fitness assessment, with problems such as single indicator, static approach, subject limitation and inefficient data utilization, making it difficult to assess students in a comprehensive and fair manner. The rise of big data technology has brought about a turnaround, from classroom to extracurricular multi-dimensional data collection; real-time feedback and dynamic evaluation, helping teachers to tailor their teaching to the needs of the students; and accurate assessment of progress, providing support for personalized growth planning. In the digital era, the innovation of college sports teaching evaluation system is imperative. Although the application of big data has the disadvantages of technical risk, security risks, high cost and possible bias, through empirical research analysis, it generally opens up new paths for the evaluation of physical education teaching in colleges and universities, and vigorously promotes the improvement of teaching quality and the comprehensive development of students.