Investigates developmental change and gender differences in sympathy and personal distress reactions in children. Examines interrelations among indexes used to assess sympathy and personal distress. (PCB)

Mothers of urban Sudanese families adopted more modern methods of child rearing in order to enhance the development of their young children. (PCB)

Used story grammar to analyze pretend play productions of 46 children of 4-8 years. Results showed structural parallels between pretend play and stories for 76 percent of subjects. Older subjects' play was episodic and younger subjects' was preepisodic. (RJC)

Studied 112 preterm infants to determine developmental changes and stability of individual differences. Results indicate significant developmental gains with age, and highly significant individual stability of performance across age. (RJC)

Analyzes the development of the skill of eating with a spoon in 16 infants of 12-23 months. Discusses the acquisition of a tool-using skill in terms of the emergence of strategies for solving particular problems and the consistency and reliability with which they are deployed. (RJC)

Investigated postural constraints on movement of 15 6-month-old infants. Results suggested that each of the developing capabilities of orienting, reaching, and kicking assumed a specific function for locomotion at the stage of crawling. (RJC)

Results of a study of 68 infants of 5-14 months revealed that partial optical flow is generally sufficient for inducing postural compensations, but the amplitude and consistency of the response depend on the location of the flow in the optic array. (RJC)

Examined the relations between attentional and cognitive skills of 138 Kenyan children of 7-8 years and nutritional status, family characteristics, and duration of schooling. Better nourished children had higher composite test scores than other children. (RJC)

Investigates the development of the appearance-reality distinction in 24 children of 5 years, 24 undergraduates, and 12 adults. Results suggest that there is a transitional period in the development of the distinction that begins around age 5 years. (RJC)

Examining the metaphor of the child, or lay adult, as an intuitive scientist results in a theory of the development of scientific thinking centering on progressive differentiation and the coordination of theory and evidence. This metacognitive and strategic development requires thinking about theories and evidence. (SLD)

Describes the development of children's artistic expression from age four through adolescence. Explores the visual-haptic theory, baseline theory, the inside-out expression, the fold-over picture, the upside-down depiction, and the front view-top view display. (RJC)

The relationship between memory and reasoning was investigated in three experiments involving children in grades one, four, and seven, and college students. Results indicated that performance was dependent on subjects' abilities to integrate relevant subskills, rather than on deficient reasoning or missing subskills. (RJC)

Investigates the representative frequencies of aggression of 43 children at the ages of 2 and 5 years. Dimensions of physical aggression at age 2 predicted dimensions of physical aggression at age 5. Frequency, initiations, and average length of aggression decreased between 2 and 5 years of age. (RJC)

Describes results of a study of differences between rural parents' and non-parents' knowledge about child development. Reports adults' knowledge in general was limited, but women and parents with children scored higher on the child development measures than men, with or without children. Discusses implications and directions for parent education.…

Reviews day care research since 1980, focusing on the role of family as primary influence on the child's development, the characteristics of high quality day care environment, and effects of day care on children's development. Specifically considers how qualities of home environment interact with qualities of day care environment to mediate…