The paper deals with the problem of carrying on online written exams in the University of Milan, suddenly closed due to the Covid-19 emergency. Main goal of the paper is to present and compare the different scenarios envisioned, depending on the number of students to be monitored in parallel to avoid cheating. For limited numbers, direct…

Designed to help instructional leaders deliver effective training to teachers, this guide provides one of four evidence-based recommendations for supporting literacy among English learner students in grades 4-8. It includes practical application ideas and examples, as well as resources for immediate implementation. This guide is based on…

Prior research has used many variants of "be creative" or brainstorm instructions to enhance creativity in a variety of tasks. However, differences in instruction wording may lead to differences in instruction interpretation, and varying the placement of instructions before or after a written problem description may lead to differences…

Several studies have tested the validity of the simple view of reading model by examining various degrees of orthographic depth. This study aims to validate this model in both transparent and deep versions of Arabic. In addition, the contribution of the basic components of decoding and listening comprehension to reading comprehension in the…

In this article, writing is reconceptualized as primarily a metacognitive process that can be modeled using contemporary metacognitive theory. This reconceptualization of writing was described in an earlier publication, but in the current article the author provides an update on this metacognitive model of writing with 3 purposes in mind. First,…

This research focused on the ability of writing argumentative text correlate to writing motivation and grammatical competence. This research used survey method through correlational study. It was conducted on the students of grade X in SMA Negeri 3 Serang in academic year 2016/2017 using simple random sampling technique. The data collection in…

Conceptual beliefs learners hold may influence learning strategies and outcomes of learning. Little research, however, has investigated English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' views of multimodality presented in the most accessible learning materials, their English textbooks. A total of sixteen 11th graders participated, half from the…

This research compares how second language learners process two types of written feedback: reformulation and direct correction. On a two-stage composition-and-comparison task, 22 adult learners of English as a second language taking an academic writing course at a large midwestern U.S. university participated in a repeated-measures study in which…

Every year billions of dollars are spent on development aid and training around the world. Little attention is paid, however, to the sustainability of the various interventions. Some studies suggest that technology usage can serve as an effective post-learning intervention to enhance the transfer of learning. Currently, there is a limited body of…

This study examines the content (i.e., pedagogical skill) and purpose (i.e., praise or suggestion for growth) of university supervisor written feedback in order to improve the quality of observational evaluation provided to elementary and secondary pre-service teachers. Interview data reveal key factors influence the content of supervisor…

Students always need sincere and kind guidance from the teachers. Hence, a true customer orientation is instrumental in teaching English as it is always good to understand the students' needs to improve their performance. This paper addresses the requirement to understand the students' needs and then teach accordingly to improve the quality of the…

School principals are in a position to influence, promote, and enhance student performance and achievement in public schools. Abundant research has pointed to the role a principal holds in his or her school and his or her ability to affect student performance. In order for principals to succeed fully in their roles, their leadership traits in…

Since the number of students entering into the higher education system is increasing along with the dropout rates, therefore it is important for the institutions to identify the reasons that impact students' academic performance in order to introduce the provision for necessary support for the students. This study is stimulated by the demand to…

This study is aimed at investigating the level of teacher-written feedback self-efficacy among Malaysian secondary school teachers and the influence of teachers' age, gender, qualifications and teaching experiences on their written feedback self-efficacy. Bandura (1986) had mentioned that of all the different aspects of self-knowledge, none is…

Self-translation of academic texts has received little attention thus far in literature, particularly in terms of how cross-linguistic features are rendered into target language. This study undertakes to examine the various linguistic strategies of rendering English passive structures by Arab academics when they translate their research articles'…