Observes that, although textbook reform in occupied Japan originally supported democratic principles of openness and competition, it later became a mechanism for anticommunist censorship. Maintains that interpretations of Japan's military conduct remain highly politicized and controversial. (MJP)

This study examined the application of the ecological approach and community education to support the participation of 27 male students at a Finnish reform school in various leisure time activities and facilities. The students expressed needs to join in the production system, cultural system, contact system, and decision-making system of society.…

Advocates applying the theories of Anton S. Makarenko, an early influential Soviet educator, to the practice of school administration in the Soviet Union. Reviews Makarenko's theories, focusing on the establishment of a unified labor collective school, responsible for students' political socialization and character development. Stresses the…

A series of nine articles discusses how to meet the leisure needs of diverse populations, focusing on pluralism and gang prevention, children and AIDS, socialization for the homeless, homosexual youth, the unemployed, recovering alcoholics, adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse, and Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. (SM)

Examines television's role in the social development of Black children, including television's use, socialization content, potential antisocial and prosocial effects, and television as an educator. concludes that television is a significant player in the socialization (cognitive and social learning) of Black children with positive and negative…

Posits the need to totally revamp social studies education, implicitly criticizing recent curriculum reform reports. Identifies five ways in which students define themselves that radically differ from teachers' and past students' points of view. Outlines resulting classroom communication problems. Questions how best to make social studies relevant…

Reports on ideas discussed at the second meeting of experimental teachers held in the Soviet Union in 1987. Considers teaching innovations that promote student development and seek cooperative teacher-student relationships, while serving social production needs. Emphasizes student creativity and personal responsibility. Builds from earlier work on…

Advocates changing Soviet teacher training and teaching methods. Emphasizes the possibility for personal growth in both teachers and students through educational experiences. Rejects traditional, single-subject, authoritarian, "externalist" approach for a multisubject, dialogue approach that focuses on individual student development and…

This review examines the role of schooling in the life course of individuals, focusing on the timing and sequencing of schooling in the transition to adulthood. Conceptual issues in this study are explored, drawing on the sociological literature. The importance of social structure and institutional arrangements is stressed. (Author/SLD)

Online education may help address the challenges of growing student enrollment, overcrowded schools, outdated buildings, teacher shortages, scheduling conflicts, limited educational opportunities (especially advanced-placement classes), and other equity concerns. Snapshots of virtual high schools in Florida, Kentucky, and West Virginia are…

Presents a collection of cantankerous opinions criticizing political correctness, abstract art, sympathy for AIDS sufferers, and arts advocacy. Contains a briefly coherent passage advocating serious and rigorous formal study. The rest amounts to little more than a conceptual mapping of rancorous reactions to the current state of affairs. (MJP)

Attempts a sociopolitical portrait of Russia's young people through an examination of their motion picture viewing habits combined with other survey responses. Discovers that most Russian youth are disinterested in politics, prefer violent Western movies, and remain concerned about crime although they are personally optimistic. Recommends…

Reviews 36 studies of both model demonstration projects and large-scale public programs to examine the long-term effects of these programs on children from low-income families. Results show early childhood programs can produce significant short-term benefits on intelligence quotient, and important long-term benefits on school achievement, grade…

Provides an overview of the research on mass media effects on perceptions of crime danger, personal fear of crime, and reactions to crime risk. Discovers that mass media effects involve a number of variables and moderators. These include audience characteristics, degree and type of coverage, and location. (MJP)

This study assesses similarities and differences in anti-smoking socialization beliefs of White and Native American parents in a low-income, rural population in northeastern Oklahoma. Data are from a population-based, cross-sectional children's environmental health study in which in-home interviews were conducted with 356 parents (56.2% White,…