A method for planning educational program development was developed which draws all elements of the planning, design, execution, and evaluation of a program into one systematic unit. The approach uses successive models of what, how, and where people learn to provide strategies for the design of instructional sequencies. The first step is a model…

Though models of quality research in education have abounded in the past decade, educational technologists have consistently made the same mistakes in attempting to measure the effects of multimedia approaches to teaching: 1) using a treatment that is not a valid implmentation of theory; 2) inadequate observation; and 3) disguising weak findings…

This paper attempts to justify the need for research and development in the area of systematic design of genuinely instructional play activities. A discussion of why free play should not be included in curriculum plans is presented as well as a brief discussion of the political problems of including fully educational play as an instructional tool.…

The results of this study were a series of propositions dealing with the cost-effectiveness of instructional technology. The propositions were developed by collecting and sythesizing existing studies on the subject through use of a propositional inventory research design. Approximately three hundred studies were reviewed and evaluated in terms of…

For the 1971-72 tryout of IMS Version 3, special-purpose, optically scannable materials were developed and designed. Purpose, design considerations, and developmental stages are described for each form. Adapted formats for use with the Xerox 660 Scanner/Copier are explained. The forms are appended. (SK)

Described is the Individually Prescribed Instruction program in science for kindergarten through ninth grade. Five goals of the program are discussed: student self-direction, student co-evaluation, positive attitudes, skills in inquiry, and scientific literacy. The organization of the program by developmental levels and organizing themes for…

Utilization of the systems approach to design of teacher education programs should result in greater program effectiveness through provision of frequent opportunity to practice application of knowledge in realistic situations. Development of an instructional system might include (1) development of a human factors systems analysis model, (2)…

Continuation education is aimed at the student who has not had successful experiences in the comprehensive high school but is subject to compulsory school attendance. This handbook views the instruction process as an interaction between the teacher, the student, and the curriculum. It provides guidance in developing an instructional package…

The Learning Package Project in International Studies is reported for the activities between August 1973 and October 1974. The first section of the report gives a history of the original packages supported by the project and the contributions made toward developing a group of scholars-instructors necessary to sustain the development, evaluation,…

Considerations and procedures for applying Performance-Structure Oriented computer-assisted instruction (CAI) are described in terms of a general diagram of the necessary elements in a CAI system. The fundamental objective is to lead the student to develop his own cognitive structures that will serve him for generating the surface structure of…

A methodology for generating, describing, and organizing candidates for learning hierarchies is presented in this article for the purpose of facilitating attainment of desired outcomes in instructional design. Hierarchy entities are discussed in terms of information presented and performance required in instruction and items and skills underlying…

Five premises necessary for the formulation of instructional theory are stated. As a suggested elaboration of the "behavior classification" premise, a two-way (content and behavior) classification scheme for higher order tasks is described. The content dimension includes paired associate, concept, principle, and problem tasks. The…

This report evaluates a program which trained participants in the instructional design process and indicates how effective it was for training instructional design personnel. The program was administered to three separate groups on separate occasions (N=8, N=6, N=3). The program, being self-instructional, allowed students to work at their own…

Instructional modules are self-contained units that include all the information and materials necessary for mastery of one or more competencies. One module design consists of seven components: a) a description of the field in which competency is to be demonstrated; b) the concept and rationale for including the module in the total program; c) the…

A sample of 130 university freshmen enrolled in five sections of Composition Rhetoric were subjects in a study of the effect of stimulus on writing complexity. The stimulus, an eight-minute black and white film, was followed by varied instructional experiences in the form of a two-day delay, a review, and a second exposure. The data were treated…