Reports on a 3-year study of 855 adults who quantified reasons for choosing 1 conflicting behavior with another. Finds that, when the reasons to do something are roughly equal to the reasons against doing it, extraneous effects from the participants "life-world" often interfere as moral temptations. (CFR)

In 2 studies, 374 undergraduate students gave retrospective reports of their favorite games, toys, hobbies, and sports in elementary school, high school, and college. Results show that sex similarities and differences vary as a function of kind of play. Implications of sex differences for socialization and moral reasoning are discussed. (SLD)

Discusses cultural, socialization, gender-related, and psychohistorical reasons for the resistance to, and low participation in, therapy for African-American males. Development of a trusting relationship is a critical first step in the treatment of African-American men. The therapist must acknowledge and respect the skepticism the client initially…

Describes a student project on television viewing for a introductory college sociology course. Includes 4 specific activities such as watching a news program for 10 minutes without sound or watching television for 30 minutes without turning it on. Reports on student attitudes toward the activity and discusses the role of television in society.…

Argues that all types of violence are deeply embedded inside poor and working-class white communities, specifically domestic violence. Indicates that many poor and working-class females are socialized into a code of silence that perpetuates the abuse cycle. States that educators and schools must break the silence and confront domestic violence.…

Relates how children in Japan become members of Japanese society by learning the cultural and social norms from family, school, community, and the nation itself. Suggests four teaching activities that will help U.S. students understand Japanese culture and reflect upon their own lives and responsibilities. (CMK)

Presents case study of 4.5-year-old to highlight aspects of socialization for young bilingual children learning English as a second language. Identifies social rules/routines, child-adult interaction, and the stage of English language development as areas providing important educational insights. Highlights how children in early stages of second…

Jean Jacques Rousseau in France and Johann Gottfied Herder in Germany both emphasized the role of education in building the nation-state. However, Rousseau focused on shaping the national character through citizenship education and political socialization in public schools, while Herder saw a national identity evolving from a common culture and…

Examined the effects of pairing junior high school physical-education learners by skill ability on students' motor-skill performance, cognitive performance, and perceptions about working with a partner. Pretesting and posttesting indicated that students improved their performances and liked working with partners regardless of how high- or…

Traces the evolution of Portuguese national identity, 1926-74, in relation to its African colonies, particularly Mozambique, to demonstrate that colonialism enforces values, identities, and "hierarchies of domination" within the colonizing society as well as between colonizers and colonized peoples. Examines the role of education in…

This study assessed the behavior of 41 4-through 8-year-olds with Williams syndrome. As expected, socialization and communication were relative strengths, whereas daily living skills and motor skills were relative weaknesses. Within socialization, interpersonal skills were stronger than play/leisure or coping skills. Adaptive behavior was not…

Discusses the traditional approach to understanding socialization, focusing on authoritarian and authoritative parenting. Explores authoritative parenting and its promotion of autonomy and authoritarian parenting, considering its effects among cultural groups. Presents data indicating that autonomy support is valued more than power assertion as a…

Summarizes this special issue on how children develop emotional and social strengths, as well as difficulties. Highlights three areas of focus among the seven articles: (1) the relation of emotional competence to social competence; (2) the socialization of emotional competence; and (3) attachment as the foundation. (SD)

Employment counselors should take cultural issues into consideration as they provide consultation or counseling services. Stress is influenced by cultural and social variables. Examines the collectivism-individualism construct to measure cultural variables and attempt to explain the differences of some social behaviors between Eastern and Western…

New college faculty are unprepared for many tasks required of them, including designing new courses, teaching a diverse student population, advising, contributing to institutional initiatives, and serving on committees. Increasingly, institutions and organizations are developing training programs to socialize new faculty with the values of hiring…