Maintaining that social studies classes should teach students to participate and acquire a feeling of political efficacy, the article suggests ways of introducing social participation into the formal curriculum. Ways of using students groups to promote participation are outlined. (DB)

Results suggest that children's communication skills can be increased with a relatiionship enhancement curriculum of relatively short duration. But self-esteem and communication skills are relatively independent phenomena. Teachers interested in increasing self-esteem need to include exercises specifically aimed at self-enhancement. (Author)

Reports on a study examining such hypotheses as that proportionally fewer women than men seek administrative posts, that women who become administrators have more teaching experience than male administrators, and that male and female candidates have equal academic qualifications. (IRT)

Women in Canada and the U.S. enjoy neither equality of access to higher education nor equality of treatment within graduate level institutions. While women in the U.S. have somewhat greater access to graduate study, they are excluded from the sponsorship system in which Canadian women participate. (SB)

Groups of teachers and teacher education majors in Australia at various stages of training are surveyed in terms of their attitudes toward teachers and education, changes in these attitudes, and cross-group comparisons of attitudes. (JMF)

Students' self-control skills did not increase significantly. No one treatment clearly emerged as a more effective method for self-control training. Additional research is needed to isolate variables and to offer a better understanding of the student's personality in the classroom unit. (Author)

The current status of secondary physical education is examined in five determinants of curriculum and in presentations of specific styles of physical education curriculum. Curriculum styles such as disciplinary, personalized, and social reordering are chosen based on students, teachers, schools, equipment, facilities, and subject matter involved.…

Forms of social control used by schools to maintain order are no longer appropriate, and may be contributing to further disruption and violence. (SK)

Examines the current emphasis in the People's Republic of China on education for modernization in light of policy swings since 1949 between "Red" and "Expert" education for technological advancement and education for communist values. Particular attention is given to moral and political education. (SJL)

Presents a comprehensive criticism of educational reform and educational forms using the notion of fit between formal education and the future social status of children. Argues for a version of competency-based meritocracy. (Author/MLF)

In order to arrive at a better theory of linguistic socialization, the study examined the relationship of the language of socialization, the content of the communication and the social reality in which socialization takes place by administering a questionnaire to 31 Mexican American mothers. (Author/SB)

The middle school's function as a "transition" school is discussed in this article. Emphasized are the opportunities for students that are made possible by this transitional function. (BE)

This article describes a discipline program for urban elementary school students. The program is based on several theories of moral development and it emphasizes the importance of the social context of the school environment. (Author/EB)

The nature of adult education is determined by the kind of political entity controlling it: liberal democracy, communist state, or developing country. Adult education in these different national structures and its significance in social and economic development is discussed, with emphasis on the need for continuity despite political changes. (MF)

Presents rationale for the study of ethnic pluralism in social studies education and suggests strategies for curriculum development. Ethnic pluralism has direct implication for the universal goals of social studies, and is related to prevailing societal conditions and to social learning theories. (Author/KC)