Upon reviewing recent research on early appearing sex differences the author concludes that stereotypic expectations elicit differential early behaviors. These account for cognitive and personality differences which lead to fulfillment of different roles in adulthood. (MS)

Education scholars of the past three decades have written extensively on the theoretical aspects of democracy, freedom and equality, stressing the methods of experimental inquiry for testing, reconstructing, and extending democratic beliefs. (MB)

Presents a few of the key beginning developments of behavior therapy with delinquents in the 1960s, with an evaluation of major current practices and trends. (Author/RK)

Longitudinal data collected on English adolescents were used to determine the extent to which socialization processes in the family were related to the cognitive and affective behavior of the adolescents. (Author)

A theoretical framework is presented which places psychological pathology in a context of human reciprocity. Reciprocity is described as a social dialectic circumscribing the way that the experiences of persons develop relative to one another. It includes, therefore, dimensions of individual development and interactive development. (Author/MS)

A total of 76 male infants in the kibbutz, Bedouin, middle and lower-class environments were observed during the equivalent of a waking day. Data include: total rate of stimulation to which infant is exposed from as many as 8 familiar people; and mother's responses as a percentage of total response rate. (MS)

This is one of the most important books on school leadership because it incorporates so much research evidence from the work of the two authors themselves, and such a perceptive and intelligent understanding of the research of others. It provides an opportunity for two of the senior researchers in the field over the last 20 years to reflect on…

In January 2004, college students from postsecondary institutions across Wisconsin were invited to join US Representatives Tammy Baldwin and Mark Green at The Johnson Foundation's Wingspread Conference Center in Racine, Wisconsin. The purpose of the discussion was to engage students' attitudes regarding politics, and their understanding of…

This purpose of this paper is to identify implications of various learning theories for workplace learning and performance and HRD. It begins with a review of various theoretical positions on learning including behaviorism, Gestalt theory, cognitive theory, schema theory, connectionist theory, social learning or behavior modeling, social…

There is a growing concern about the well-being of children in America and the circumstances that surround their growth and development. One explanation for the social problems that confront young people is a decline in the effectiveness of the social institutions that children rely on for support. The decline in effectiveness leads to a decrease…

Students are socialized into a subculture of education through many means, but many students encounter only the lecture method, especially in the general education curriculum. The lecture approach is commonly associated with multiple choice testing, and some students may go through college without taking, or learning to take, other kinds of tests.…

This study used data from a random sample of African American families living in poor urban communities to examine: how well socialization, supervision, and marital transition hypotheses explained the relationship between family structure and the probability of sexual debut and pregnancy for African American adolescents in disadvantaged…

An ethnographic study explored the social dynamics behind the discipline statistics provided by referrals. This paper describes the social context that creates the educational environment where social capital is generated and/or denied, starting with the application of detention as the initial step toward issuing referrals, considered a more…

This position paper describes a theoretical framework for learning that encompasses new conceptions of learning, namely learning as social practice, new views of the learner as self-directed, and paradigm shifts in learning as it is mandated in new social contexts. Social learning theory, especially that of situated learning, provides a new…

This monograph presents research recommending a broad, unconventional definition of cultural participation that encompasses the variety of artistic and cultural expression in a diverse society. It also examines how and why people participate in arts and culture. Information comes from an evaluation of Community Partnerships for Cultural…