Proposes a conception of the term "literacy" in the context of the controls and the constraints that language usage exerts, demonstrating a marked distinction between literacy education and the "back to basics" approach. (RL)

Explains how curriculum reform can reinforce positive attitudes toward cultural pluralism and help students understand socioeconomic consequences of a culturally pluralistic society. (DB)

Those engaged in classroom research must be careful to explain their models of classroom management and control with reference to the social class, ethnicity, and other family background variables of the children who constitute the student population of the classroom. (Author/MC)

In this essay, some thinking and research about language is discussed in relation to the socialization of children and to the shaping of the school curriculum. The author concludes that the communication gap between schools and students, an important force for socialization, grows larger every day. (JMD)

A number of philosophical points of view that have guided parents' attempts to socialize their children are presented. Research findings and conclusions that explore the impact on children of parental disciplinary practices are discussed. (Author/AM)

In reviewing theoretical patterns in the use of self-concept in studying deviance, three principal categories of theories of deviance are suggested: (1) structural interactionist analyses; (2) socialization-control analyses; and (3) labeling analyses. The discussion also deals with clarifying the explanatory role of the self-concept in deviance…

Reviews research on imitative learning, or social modeling, from the perspective of social learning theory that emphasizes the human capacity for higher-order rule learning to occur through modeling exposure. Educational implications are discussed, particularly through research into vicarious reinforcement, teacher modeling, and peer modeling.…

The role of a women's college is addressed in terms of institutional environment, student motivation, career aspiration, noncurricular activities, counseling and other student services, and breaking sex stereotyping of men as well as women. (LBH)

In an attempt to examine the general school culture, this study compares and contrasts the normative classroom environments of five types of public schools: urban, rural, suburban, vocational, and alternative. The Classroom Environment Scale (CES) was given in 409 classrooms, and the classrooms were grouped by type of school for analysis.…

No significant sex differences are found in the mean level of either educational or occupational expectation, but the distribution of occupational choices parallels the current sex segregation of the occupational sector. Further, relative to academic achievement, females have lower expectations than males. (Author/AM)

Examines how Soviet elementary textbooks inculcate political attitudes about Lenin, history and current events, and the importance of the Soviet army. Excerpts from readers are included as illustrations of political instruction. (AV)

An internal locus of control (LOC) orientation was significantly related to academic achievement and high self-esteem. For males, LOC was related to grade point averages and not achievement test scores, while the reverse held for females. Differential socialization of females from males might account for the lack of relationship between grades and…

Describes student and faculty experiences in a four-year or upper division degree program for registered nurses; analyzes the students' socialization (or learning roles) using a combination of two theories of social influence involving compliance, identification, and internalization; and discusses a model of planned change in professional…

Focusing on midcareer administrators, this review examines the socialization processes in school administration; the socialization of teachers, principals, and superintendents is discussed. The socialization within administrative roles in the central office is emphasized in terms of career patterns and influence in policy decisions. (BW)

Beilin examines the previous three papers. In explaining cognitive development, social learning theory fails to account for rule invariance in the face of capricious and informationally impoverished experience, does not explain the acquisition of abstract rule systems, and offers less flexibility than Piaget's explanations based on operations and…