This easy-to-read manual for parents describes what a baby learns in the first year of life and suggests specific things parents or caregivers can do to encourage a baby to use his body, senses, and mind to communicate. Each chapter is concerned with 1 month of the infant's life and includes sections on (1) Baby's Viewpoint (discussion of the…

This paper is a critical examination of Piaget's formulations on cognitive development based on recent social learning research. It is suggested that learning to conserve does not seem immutably dependent on the child's attaining some maturational age-related cognitive stage and that Piaget's theorizations do not sufficiently consider social…

The emergence and development of monetary concepts were investigated in 80 black children ages 2 to 8 years. Three concepts explored were the age at which children (1) can name the denominations of money, (2) become aware of the values of different denominations of money, and (3) become aware of the purchasing power of money. Socioeconomic (SES)…

This report reviews evidence concerned with age-related aspects of social perception processes and their effects on overt behavior. Focus is on the variability among children in comprehension and evaluation of action, motives, and consequences of modeled behavior. Findings indicated that comprehension of acts in terms of motives and correctness of…

The author describes a counseling technique which: (1) is based upon behavior theory and treats acts and thoughts as operants, and anxiety as a respondent controlled by classical conditioning; (2) entails in vivo desensitization, requiring the construction of a hierarchy of anxiety-producing situations which can be enacted; (3) uses peer- or…

The aim of this paper is to give some insight into what academic simulation games are, what their goals are, how they accomplish these goals, and how they differ from other ways of teaching and learning. A game is a way of partitioning off a portion of action from the complex stream of life activities. It partitions off a set of players and…

Mass communications are considered by many western scholars to be among the most potent tools for modernization of an underdeveloped country. This belief is based on two assumptions: that the mass media are large-scale operations which enjoy massive circulations or audiences and that they are primarily controlled by forward-looking, progressive…

A method for direct observation study of early peer-social and object directed behavior in humans was designed to articulate with techniques widely used in studies of social behavior of infra-human primates. Occurrence of behavior fitting the definitions of each of six categories of object behavior and nine categories of social behavior is noted…

This paper presents: (1) a definition of values; (2) a measure of moral values which seems to have adequate conceptual and psychometric properties; and (3) evidence concerning the personological correlates of mature moral judgment. Values are defined as the standards used in moral evaluations and the criteria for choosing rules of conduct. Using a…

This paper has reviewed research in "modeling" or observational learning that supports basic elements of social learning theory. The authors point out that past modeling research has not taken into account subjects' self-evaluation and task competence as factors possibly mediating the acquisition and performance of behavior. Social comparison,…

The brief article, intended for use as thought provoking instructional material for secondary students, focuses on the concept of political legitimacy and how it relates to revolution. The objective is to help students recognize that to be legitimate is to have society's approval. For example, the government of each nation within its own political…

Important global attitudes in the United States and other countries are measured and social attitudes interpreted according to a number of variables in this cross-cultural study. The term Worldmindedness (the quality which is measured in the study) refers to a world-view of problems of humanity rather than a national view of them. Two testing…

This study investigated whether collaborative and socially sensitive behaviors, necessary in group problem solving, can be taught to emotionally disturbed children in residential treatment centers. The sample consisted of 180 males ranging in age from nine through 12 years in 12 residential centers. The children were required to perform a…

This paper describes the study which attempts to determine if civic education and political socialization topics are international in scope and, moreover, if instruments can be designed to measure cross-national effects of such education. An international committee first meeting in Hamburg, Germany, in 1966, decided to treat the subject…

The major objective of this research is to isolate factors associated with the socialization of members of a voluntary organization. The hypothesis underlying this study is that much of the variance in the dissensus between organizational leaders and rank and file members related to participant obligation can be explained by the measures of…