Reviews conditions for effective learning, discusses the limitations on learning imposed by group instruction, and describes methods employed by the author to increase individualization. (CS)

Using an individual differences multidimensional scaling method with a sample of (N=38) parents, four dimensions of stress were identified. The first dimension, major versus minor child problems, was most problematic for parents and highly related to a set of adjectives describing unpleasant or stressful emotional states. (Author)

Examined individual differences among third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade children (N=59) in the tendency to remember and utilize dispositional as opposed to situational information in predicting and explaining the behavior of story characters. (JMB)

The discrepancy between middle-class and lower-class children's performance on IQ tests has been thought of as "cognitive deficit" or as "cognitive differences." This paper proposes another explanation--cognitive lag hypothesis--according to which the low IQ test scores of lower-class children are seen as due to the developmentally delayed…

Problem solving and related observation behaviors were assessed using 108 subjects in three age groups (4 years, 8 years, and college undergraduates). Interference from uninformative stimuli affected all ages, but decreased at older ages. Only the adults exhibited selective, relevant observation behaviors. (Author/DB)

The relation between imagery-assisted prose recall and field independence was found to be significantly stronger than the relation between control recall and field independence for third graders, but not for kindergartners. (Author)

Suggests that an ego-identity model, based on the work of Erikson, serves as a means to associate personality factors with a career in science. Also relates changes in school and curriculum to pupils' reactions to science. (CS)

Thirty adolescent mothers and their infants who had few medical and psychological difficulties showed a positive adjustment to motherhood through the first six postpartum weeks. The ego strength of the adolescents and the infants' behavioral individuality were the factors most strongly related to the quality of early mother-child interaction and…

Explains how history lessons focusing on the individual in various situations can help make distant events and peoples more important and believable, and dispel stereotyped images. (CK)

A selection of fiction and nonfiction for children dealing with some of their real concerns: wearing eyeglasses, having learning problems, being obese, wearing braces, being left-handed. (SJL)

Atkinson and Birch's dynamic theory of action is discussed with regard to achievement motivation theory. Implications are derived that are in contrast to expectations derived from traditional episodic theories. Implications of dynamic theory for the theory of fear of failure are discussed. Recent results support the dynamic theory. (Author/RD)

To help explain female inferiority in mathematical performance, sex differences in personality correlates of mathematical ability were examined. Three instruments, Rotter's I-E Scale, Miller Adult Locus of Evaluation Scale, and Byrd's Attitude Concerning Life and Self were administered. For females only, internal locus of control and self-esteem…

An experienced student teacher supervisor offers some beneficial information for those in and entering the field of education, including the advice to let student teachers do as much as they are able to do and as much as the cooperating teacher is willing to give up. (KC)