Humans routinely make inferences about both the contents and the workings of other minds based on observed actions. People consider what others want or know, but also how intelligent, rational, or attentive they might be. Here, we introduce a new methodology for quantitatively studying the mechanisms people use to attribute intelligence to others…

Test anxiety is a widespread and mostly detrimental emotion in learning and achievement settings. Thus, it is a construct of high interest for researchers and its measurement is an important issue. So far, test anxiety has typically been assessed using self-report measures. However, physiological measures (e.g., heart rate or skin conductance…

Although genetic factors are involved in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the significance of genetic analysis in clinical settings is unclear. Forty-nine subjects diagnosed with non-syndromic ASD were analyzed by microarray comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis, whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis, and panel sequencing…

This article offers a set of themes that summarize the entirety of the book. Of particular note is the context in which this issue was written and how our social context impacts the ways we understand and explore leadership. In addition to the critical task of increasing self-awareness as a core deliverable of any leadership assessment or…

The continuous testing framework, where both successful and unsuccessful examinees have to demonstrate continued proficiency at frequent prespecified intervals, is a framework that is used in noncognitive assessment and is gaining in popularity in cognitive assessment. Despite the rigorous advantages of this framework, this paper demonstrates that…

Online misinformation is a pervasive global problem. In response, psychologists have recently explored the theory of psychological inoculation: If people are preemptively exposed to a weakened version of a misinformation technique, they can build up cognitive resistance. This study addresses two unanswered methodological questions about a widely…

In this article, the author discusses and reviews the relevant needed aspects of intelligence relative to creativity, the creative process and the creative product. Further, there are elements of personality which also need to be examined. Some suggestions for future research are described.

Leading by doing takes an unwavering and visible commitment to an intentional, continuous improvement process. Teams at every system level distribute leadership to support effective practice so outcomes improve. Using a practice-based approach to improving mathematics outcomes, the Kentucky Department of Education (KDE) facilitated a continuous…

In this study, the cloze-elide test was developed and administered under time constraints. This research is aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the speeded cloze-elide test and investigate its relationship with reading comprehension, C-Test, and multiple-choice cloze test. Processing speed is a vital indicator to distinguish high to…

Prior research suggests that males outperform females, on average, on multiple-choice items compared to their relative performance on constructed-response items. This paper characterizes the extent to which gender achievement gaps on state accountability tests across the United States are associated with those tests' item formats. Using roughly 8…

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition (WISC-V; Wechsler 2014a) "Technical and Interpretation Manual" (Wechsler 2014b) dedicated only a single page to discussing the 10-subtest WISC-V primary battery across the entire 6 to 16 age range. Users are left to extrapolate the structure of the 10-subtest battery from the…

The authors describe challenges of following professional standards for educational achievement testing due to the complexity of gathering appropriate evidence to support demanding test interpretation and use. Validity evidence has been found to be low for some individual testing standards, leading to the possibility of faulty or impoverished test…

Background/Context: For more than a century, standardized achievement tests have been a feature of American education. Throughout that time, critics of standardized tests have argued that their use has detrimental effects on students, schools, and curriculum. Despite these critiques, the number and uses of standardized tests have increased…

One of the questions with the longest history in educational assessment is whether it is possible to increase the reliability of a test simply by altering the way in which scores on individual test items are combined to make the overall test score. Most usually, the score available on each item is communicated to the candidate within a question…

Automated test assembly (ATA) is a modern approach to test assembly that applies advanced optimization algorithms on computers to build test forms automatically. ATA greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of the test assembly. This study investigated the effects of the modeling methods and solvers in the mixed-integer programming (MIP)…