Under the framework of item response theory (IRT) and generalizability (G-) theory, this study examined the effects of item difficulty on rating reliability and construct validity on both the constructed-response (CR) items and essay items on English examinations. The data collected for this study were students' scores and responses on the two…

This study aims to develop the teacher's perceptions of critical thinking in science learning in elementary schools. The samples in this study were 50 elementary school teachers in Central Java. Selection of samples employed convenience sampling. The instruments in this study used a modified Likert Scale. The validity tests used in this research…

Technological literacy (TL) as the goal of technology education guides the construction of the technology education curriculum in China. Previous studies investigating technological literacy were limited to K-12 students and had some ambiguities in the definition of technology, theoretical framework, and assessed criterion, and a measurement…

The Civil War was concluded over 150 years ago but recently, monuments erected to commemorate the Civil War and its participants have been the site of civil unrest (e.g., Charlottesville, VA in 2018) and calls for removal of such monuments. The Confederate monuments debate has been going strong for decades, and it seems to have been picking up…

Purpose: Vocabulary intervention should be guided by information from outcome measures that demonstrate whether the student has grown in depth or breadth of understanding of the taught words. However, there is a paucity of tools, to measure depth of vocabulary knowledge, that are available for clinical use. Method: The challenges of vocabulary…

This paper develops and examines a scale to capture teachers' views of the mobile pedagogies they are adopting. Mobile pedagogies refer to the practices and approaches teachers use that involve mobile technologies to support learning. A mobile technology is any portable, handheld technology that potentially supports learning and includes laptops,…

We investigated the clinical validity of the BADEC, an abbreviated, five-item version of the Autism Detection in Early Childhood, level-2 screening tool for autism. Initially developed by Nah et al. (2019) using a research sample, the present study replicated Nah et al. (2019) procedures in a clinical population. Using a cutoff score of five, five…

When using the Rasch model, equating with a nonequivalent groups anchor test design is commonly achieved by adjustment of new form item difficulty using an additive equating constant. Using simulated 5-year data, this report compares 4 approaches to calculating the equating constants and the subsequent impact on equating results. The 4 approaches…

This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the empirical item characteristic curve (EICC) preequating method given the presence of test speededness. The simulation design of this study considered the proportion of speededness, speededness point, speededness rate, proportion of missing on speeded items, sample size, and test length. After crossing…

Purpose: Essay test in mathematics, both in the form of restricted-response and extended-response, generally consist of polytomous scored items. However, the essay test used by teachers in Indonesia has not been fully supported by sufficient quality evidence. There have been many studies focusing on the development of the essay test, but not many…

There are currently many mathematics anxiety rating scales designed typically for adult and older children populations, yet there remains a lack of assessment tools for younger children (< 7 years of age) despite a recent focus on this age range. Following previous testing and validation, the 26-item iteration of the Children's Mathematics…

The number of individuals undertaking IELTS has continued to grow in recent years, standing at approximately 3 million candidates per year in 2016. As a result, this high-stakes, high-pressure test has become firmly entrenched as a global gatekeeping institution, regulating the international flows of people for migration and academic study. This…

Although the Child Behavior Checklist 1½-5's 12-item "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders"-Autism Spectrum Problems Scale (formerly called Pervasive Developmental Problems scale) has been used in several studies as an autism spectrum disorder screener, the base rate and stability of its items and its measurement model…

Raising the sustainable development awareness is of great importance for the continuation of the world's livability. Teachers have a great responsibility in order for individuals to make sustainable development a part of their lives. For this reason, teachers need to be individuals with sustainable development awareness. In this study, it was…

This study investigated the effectiveness of statistical adjustments applied to rater bias in many-facet Rasch analysis. Some changes were first made in the dataset that did not include "rater × examinee" bias to cause to have "rater × examinee" bias. Later, bias adjustment was applied to rater bias included in the data file,…