Attempts to apply the techniques and ideas of transformational grammar to the teaching of translation. A three-step procedure in which in the original text is reduced to based and embedded sentences, translated and reconstituted in the target language is outlined. Stylistic aspects of translation are also discussed. (FWB)

Reviews the history of machine translation (MT) research in China. Describes Chinese MT techniques as based on syntactic analysis, full use of fixed phrases, the key role of funtion words, and emphasis on formal analysis without neglecting meaning. (Available from ALLC, Dr. Rex Last, German Dept., Univ. of Hull, Hull HU57RX, England.) (Author/MES)

The Colombian version of the test met acceptable requirements of reliability and construct validity for use in cross-cultural research. Use of the back-translation method ensured equivalency of the Colombian and the English versions, and items in the Colombian version carried the same meaning as those in the original English version. (Author/CM)

The article presents a review of test abuse and misuse with the Chicano. It reviews several measures undertaken to rectify abuses and misuses of tests but that have frequently been the source of new problems while not really ameliorating the basic condition, e.g., test translations, adding points, renorming test scores, and importing tests. (NQ)

Briefly describes some elements of the culture of the Boruca Indians of Costa Rica and discusses threats to their tribal existence. Notes recurring motifs in six narratives which illustrate Boruca life and culture and which are presented in the original Boruca and in Spanish and English translations. (SB)

A discussion of the life and work of Yaqui poet Refugio Savala includes analysis of selected poems, "corridos," and original and traditional tales. The article includes a discussion of the style, content, tone, and background of his English language autobiography and explains the editing which occurred prior to its publication. (SB)

Discusses the translator's need for help from structural linguistics and the inadequacy of the response of linguistics to so-called translation problems. Two German-French syntax problems are given as examples and a solution is offered from a translator's point of view. (AMH)

Analyzes the problem of grammatical terminology in foreign language instruction pointing out that it cannot be reduced to the dichotomy of explicit v implicit grammar. Observation of language classes showing that, regardless of method, use of metalinguistic statements cannot be avoided suggests an approach tailored to students' proficiency and…

Discusses the value of a service called "Language Line" and its potential to attract and educate business about the benefits derived from hiring employees with language skills. Language Line provides a national telephone-based service that provides interpretation for speakers of different languages. The article makes a case for the use…

Examines the writing and translation processes of second-language learners both in their native and second languages. Results indicate that most students used a "what-next" approach in their writing tasks in both languages and a "sentence-by-sentence" approach in the translation task. Attention patterns in both writing tasks…

Addresses the complex diglossic situation of Hong Kong's past with a focus on the judiciary. Examines the confrontation of a Cantonese-speaking population with a predominantly English-language legal system and the problematic question of how (and why) Hong Kong's legislation is being codified in two languages. (four references) (Author/CK)

Uses "word length" (syllable count) and "spoken duration" to examine cross-language equivalence of tests measuring short-term memory. Although the English and Spanish versions of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test had considerably different word length, the performance of bilingual college students did not differ between…

Used two methods to assess bilingual dominance in four groups of Italian-English bilinguals. Ratios were derived from bilinguals' self-rating of ability to speak and understand Italian compared to English. Dominance in Italian was associated with a relatively high level of performance in Italian (assessed in a translation task) and relatively poor…

Responds to Dunn's paper on Hispanic-Anglo differences in IQ scores. Comments on Dunn's translation of Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised into Castilian Spanish, and concludes this version is inappropriate for mainland Puerto Rican and Mexican-American children due to improper translation and validation methods. Contains 27 references.…