The essence of translation lies in the preservation of semantic, pragmatic and textual meaning across two languages. The model proposed considers the following: situational dimensions; dimensional errors; the distinction between overt and covert translation; application of cultural filters; social role relationships; and the purpose for the…

Hungarian-Russian bilingual preschoolers, in general, paid more attention to allomorphy than did monolingual Hungarian or Russian peers in interpreting transitive sentences with varying word orders. (Author/CB)

Thirty French-speaking Quebec preschoolers were administered translated versions of the Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning-Revised (DIAL-R) and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC). Discussion focuses on aspects of translation and content requiring further modification, and on issues regarding use of translated…

Describes a study that attempts to systematize the criteria required for accurate translations of technical documents. The results of a Linguistic Appreciation Questionnaire-Test, administered to 19 professional translators, were used to categorize the most common translation variables: style, structure, rhythm, and meaning of text in the hope of…

Reports on the effectiveness of the use of creative writing in English to increase cross-cultural understanding, based on a study of Japanese businessmen reading portions of English novels translated in Japanese and Thai. (Author/CB)

Describes an experimental oral communication course designed around weekly, structured field trips to sites where students typically need to communicate in English. Students taking this course were also enrolled in a grammar-based English as a second-language course and were compared with a control group taking only the grammar-based course. (SED)

Presents three types of exercises which are designed to develop the advanced learner's awareness of the problems caused by lexis, style, and appropriateness. In addition, describes how translation may be incorporated and used at the active stage and how a somewhat analytical and academic approach to this area of learning/teaching for the advanced…

Provides a translation and explanation of the "Hsueh Chi," (Record of Learning), which is the 18th chapter of the major Confucian classic "Li Chi," (Book of Rites). The author maintains that although much has changed in China since Confucius, there is still the spirit that education is essential in order to organize society and to rule. (Author/DB)

This article criticizes the systematic use of audio-visual methods in second language teaching because of the imprecise semantic impression they may leave on the student. The use of translation exercises is proposed as an alternative. (Text is in French.) (CDSH/CLK)

This project examined whether there is a lexicon of messages commonly used by vocational rehabilitation (VR) counselors with deaf clients that might be stored digitally on a CD-ROM disk with the eventual purpose of developing a voice-to-sign translation system to facilitate communication between hearing and deaf individuals. Surveys of counselors…

This issue contains seven articles, including the following: "Dictionary, Systemicity, Motivation" (Tom Bartlett); "The Nature of the Initial State Zulu L2 Grammar and Subsequent Interlanguage Development" (Sibusisiwe Dube); "Translating the Folk" (Bryan Fletcher); "The Acquisition of the English Article System…

International comparative educational studies make use of test instruments originally developed in English by international panels of experts, but that are ultimately administered in the language of instruction of the students. The comparability of the different language versions of these assessments is a critical issue in validating the…

Many students in the United States who are required to take educational tests are not fully proficient in English. To address this problem, a state-mandated testing program created dual language English-Spanish versions of some of their tests. In this study, the psychometric properties of the English and dual language versions of a fourth-grade…

Presented at "Translation 73," a conference on the present state of literary translation, Columbia University, march 30, 1973. (DD)