An approach to integrating classroom instruction of subject area content and a second language is outlined. In the integrated classroom, teams of language and content specialists bring their expertise to course planning, teaching, and assessment, and work together in the same classroom for each session. The approach was constructed by drawing on…

Listening is a critical element in the competent language performance of adult second language learners. Listening is a demanding process, because of both the process itself and factors that characterize the listener, speaker, message content, and any accompanying visual support. The speaker's use of colloquial language and reduced forms,…

The textbook in intermediate Czech is designed for second-year students of the language and those who already have a basic knowledge of Czech grammar and vocabulary. It is appropriate for use in a traditional college language classroom, the business community, or a government language school. It can be covered in a year-long conventional…

A study examines two major types of vowel systems in languages, centripetal and centrifugal. English is associated with the centripetal system, in which vowel quality and quantity (rhythm) are heavily influenced by stress. In this system, vowels have a strong tendency to move toward the center of the vowel area. Spanish is associated with the…

Because of the emphasis placed on language and the language process by both foreign language and special education, one must examine both the theoretical and the methodological similarities between the two areas. Even though differences between the students should be noted, what really needs to be examined is the learning process itself. This…

American students are exposed to many different romanization systems when learning Chinese. The most important systems include Pinyin, Zhuyin fuhao, Wade-Giles, Gwoyeu Romatzhy, and the Yale system, to name just a few. The Pinyin system, which is built on the English alphabet, is the official transliteration system of mainland China. The Zhuyin…

The guide presents ratings of computer software, audiotape recordings, videotape recordings, on-line systems, and miscellaneous technology-based materials for teaching English as a Second Language (ESL). First, the forms used for evaluation are presented, and then the programs or materials are listed alphabetically by title. Each listing includes…

This paper examines differences between approaches to instruction in Japanese and American classrooms and the need for individualized English instruction in Japan. Traditional classroom techniques in Japan have emphasized treating all students the same, whereas American techniques, especially since the 1970s, have placed a growing emphasis on…

The process of organizing content for a course in academic English as a Second Language is discussed, specifically as it applied to construction of a course for first-year law students at the University of Hong Kong. Discussion focuses on issues that emerged while trying to reconcile the university English center's curriculum policy with student…

The study reported here evaluated the usefulness of interactive videodisc technology and materials to teach second languages at the elementary and middle school levels, particularly in a context in which teachers lack expertise in the target language. A 3-year project used videodiscs to teach Spanish, French, and Japanese. The report presents, in…

This annotated bibliography lists print and non-print resources suitable for use by Alberta (Canada) teachers or students of English as a Second Language (ESL) at all levels of language development from early childhood to grade 12. Also, a section on professional resources has been included. Resources are presented in these categories: elementary…

The use of English-language literature in South African college instruction for Black students, for many of whom English is a second language, is discussed, drawing on relevant literature. First, the conditions of the education of Black students in South Africa is reviewed, and it is suggested that this population often arrives in higher education…

This practical guide is intended to help teachers encourage recreational reading in a second language. The guide is based on the experience of one British school. The guide's first section offers suggestions for finding and selecting appropriate books or story collections, library instruction, keeping individual reading diaries, and helping slow…

In multilingual nations, young children learn early about the social and educational importance that adults attribute to different languages. In Malaysia, parents express their values about languages by choosing specific kindergartens. Preschools' language values are reflected in the amount of time devoted and the seriousness of approach to each…

An ethnographic study conducted in Hong Kong investigated commonalities in Chinese and English that might be used to elicit prior learning in the first language to enhance learning in English as a Second Language (ESL), for both language and content area instruction. Specifically, it: (1) examined Hong Kong students' exposure to and interaction…