Given the recent technological advancements and the critical role that grammar plays in students' writing development, several digital tools that provide computer-mediated corrective feedback have emerged. One such tool is Grammarly, which identifies duplicate content and errors in grammar, vocabulary, mechanics, and language style. This tech…

Teachers often provide more positive feedback to ethnic minority students than to ethnic majority students in order to compensate for potential discrimination. However, even feedback that sounds positive can have unwanted effects on the students, such as reinforcing negative beliefs and reducing motivation. In this experimental pilot study, we…

These appendices accompany the full report, "National Household Education Surveys Program of 2019: Qualitative Study of Nonresponding Addresses. NCES 2022-043" (ED617187). The full report documents the methods and findings of a qualitative study of nonrespondent addresses to the 2019 administration of the National Household Education…

In schools, principals are responsible for many things, but one of the primary responsibilities is to create a positive school environment. School climate has a different meaning to different stakeholders, including school leaders, school staff, and students, as well as parent and community members. School climate surveys are one way to measure…

Neoliberal policies such as the Fisher Credential, Ryan Act, Senate Bill 2042, and federally No Child Left Behind (NCLB), and Race to the Top, have influenced and brought substantial change to the landscape of education. These policies are also impacting prospective teachers within teacher preparation programs (TPP) in higher education.…

A regression model of predictor trade-offs is described. Each regression parameter equals the expected change in Y obtained by trading 1 point from one predictor to a second predictor. The model applies to predictor variables that sum to a constant T for all observations; for example, proportions summing to T=1.0 or percentages summing to T=100…

Item-level fit analysis not only serves as a complementary check to global fit analysis, it is also essential in scale development because the fit results will guide item revision and/or deletion (Liu & Maydeu-Olivares, 2014). During data collection, missing response data may likely happen due to various reasons. Chi-square-based item fit…

Performance measures, including standardized test scores or cognitive tasks, are commonly conceptualized as stable measures, yet are often unreliable indices of skill. We examine two contextual factors, performance pressure and feedback, that may influence the extent to which individuals demonstrate their cognitive capacity by manipulating…

Teacher attrition is a problem currently afflicting classrooms around the world. Emotional exhaustion and teacher self-efficacy have been demonstrated to be factors in attrition. This study assesses the efficacy of potential tools for use in evaluating emotional exhaustion and self-efficacy before problems arise and to guide professional…

The fit of an item response model is typically conceptualized as whether a given model could have generated the data. We advocate for an alternative view of fit, "predictive fit", based on the model's ability to predict new data. We derive two predictive fit metrics for item response models that assess how well an estimated item response…

Parental and family engagement are critical parts of a child's educational journey. This is especially true in the Response to Intervention (RTI) process whereby students receive academic, and behavior supports and interventions before referral to special education. An absence of parental input in the RTI process could lead to students being…

The present study examined the extent to which adaptive feedback and just-in-time writing strategy instruction improved the quality of high school students' persuasive essays in the context of the Writing Pal (W-Pal). W-Pal is a technology-based writing tool that integrates automated writing evaluation into an intelligent tutoring system. Students…

Evidence-based practice (EBP) requires professionals to be guided by the best available evidence. When a child is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), caregivers are faced with the task of choosing the best treatment for their child. Caregivers turn to a number of different sources to find information about available treatments not all…

The present study examined the extent to which adaptive feedback and just-in-time writing strategy instruction improved the quality of high school students' persuasive essays in the context of the Writing Pal (W-Pal). W-Pal is a technology-based writing tool that integrates automated writing evaluation into an intelligent tutoring system. Students…

Testing programs have explored the use of technology-enhanced items alongside traditional item types (e.g., multiple-choice and constructed-response items) as measurement evidence of latent constructs modeled with item response theory (IRT). In this report, we discuss considerations in applying IRT models to a particular type of adaptive testlet…