This study aims to analyze the effect of Self-Regulation, Social Skills, Critical Thinking, and Problem-Solving Skills on Social Learning Outcomes. This research used a quantitative approach, survey methods, and path analysis techniques. The participants were class V students throughout Jakarta from November 2015 to October 2016, with a total of…

Representation is widely viewed as central to mathematical problem solving, while online scaffolding is considered helpful in supporting learners' progress from actual to potential developmental levels of mathematics understanding. Therefore, this study investigated the effectiveness of employing online single vs. multiple representational…

Large-scale standardized tests are regularly used to measure student achievement overall and for student subgroups. These uses assume tests provide comparable measures of outcomes across student subgroups, but prior research suggests score comparisons across gender groups may be complicated by the type of test items used. This paper presents…

Worldwide, open-ended questions that require short answers have been used in many exams in fields of science, such as the International Student Assessment Program (PISA), the International Science and Maths Trends Research (TIMSS). However, multiple-choice questions are used for many exams at the national level in Turkey, especially high school…

This article considers psychometric properties of composite raw scores and transformed scale scores on mixed-format tests that consist of a mixture of multiple-choice and free-response items. Test scores on several mixed-format tests are evaluated with respect to conditional and overall standard errors of measurement, score reliability, and…

This study explores the relationship between engagement with an online, free-to-use question-generation application (PeerWise) and student achievement. Using PeerWise, students can create and answer multiple-choice questions and can provide feedback to the question authors on question quality. This provides further scope for students to engage in…

Human anatomy is a foundational course in nursing education, however, there is growing concern that students do not retain enough anatomical knowledge to successfully apply it in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to determine retention level of anatomy knowledge among second-year nursing students from their first-year anatomy class, and…

Students who exhibit mature number sense make sense of numbers and operations, use reasoning to notice patterns, and flexibly choose effective problem-solving strategies (McIntosh et al., 1997, https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks/6819). Due to its dispositional nature, mature number sense is typically measured through in-depth interviews or tests of…

Classical approach to test theory has been the foundation for educational and psychological measurement for over 90 years. This approach concerns with measurement error and hence test reliability, which in part relies on individual test items. The CTT package, developed in light of this, provides functions for test- and item-level analyses of…

The answer-until-correct (AUC) method of multiple-choice (MC) testing involves test respondents making selections until the keyed answer is identified. Despite attendant benefits that include improved learning, broad student adoption, and facile administration of partial credit, the use of AUC methods for classroom testing has been extremely…

During the development of a test of multiple-choice items, cognitive interviews were conducted with students from lower secondary school. The purpose of these interviews was to confirm that the prospective respondents' interpretation of mathematics test items was consistent with the interpretation intended by the item writer. The conversations…

India's National Science Talent Search (NSTS) examination (1963 to 1976) was imagined and implemented by some top scientists of the period. It aimed to identify "talented" secondary school students with an aptitude for science and mathematics. Selected students attended undergraduate summer schools, did research in special labs during…

When a person with intellectual disabilities has communication and fine motor impairments, multiple choice tests (MCTs) are useful if they are designed to allow some corrections and to measure the reliability of the answers. Here that evaluation method was applied to a home-based mathematical program, developed with a nonverbal adult with Autism…

Vocabulary learning constitutes an essential component of language learning and teaching. The type of input students receive is one of the factors that affect the pace and range of this learning. In the incidental vocabulary learning process, learners have been shown to benefit from exposure to a variety of input types to varying degrees. In this…

The pandemic brought a whole newfound collection of words into our everyday language, some of which had been terms that were infrequently used outside academic and medical settings. However, as familiar as this new pandemic vocabulary has become, there are still several terms that often get mixed in everyday conversations, media communications,…