Background: Computational thinking (CT) is an essential skill for preparing the younger generation to succeed in an AI-driven world, with pair programming emerging as a widely used approach to foster these skills. However, the role of individual factors and mutual engagement in shaping CT skills within pair programming remains underexplored,…

This study aims to identify the characteristics of implementation and integration strategies of computational thinking (CT) and scientific approaches in programming education, viewed from the lens of educational levels, subject Matter, and research focus. The method employed is a systematic literature review following the PRISMA framework. A total…

Purpose: Abstract thought builds the basis for problem-solving and knowledge consolidation across the disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Scientists across these fields acknowledge its significance and have approached the topic from their distinct perspectives, and yet, in STEM, there is a lack of a unified…

The purpose of this study was to investigate multidimensional DIF with a simple and nonsimple structure in the context of multidimensional Graded Response Model (MGRM). This study examined and compared the performance of the IRT-LR and Wald test using MML-EM and MHRM estimation approaches with different test factors and test structures in…

Computational thinking (CT) activities are increasingly being integrated into early childhood schools. We focus on studying children's learning using an "unplugged" (non-computational) learning unit that considers a teacher's knowledge and classroom space and affords seamless adaptation into the classroom given the objects used in the…

Based on the purpose of improving the communication power of the computational intelligence short videos of China Communist Youth League, this paper takes six typical computational intelligence short video IDs and their popular computational intelligence short videos of the Communist Youth League at the provincial level as the research object…

The purpose was to evaluate reliability of measurements during drop jump (DJ) and magnitude of differences in vertical jump height (VJH) when calculated using two variables: time-in-the-air and center-of-mass velocity. Thirty-seven handball players performed three single-leg and double-leg DJs on a portable force plate during two sessions. Sixteen…

We develop a "latent variable forest" (LV Forest) algorithm for the estimation of latent variable scores with one or more latent variables. LV Forest estimates unbiased latent variable scores based on "confirmatory factor analysis" (CFA) models with ordinal and/or numerical response variables. Through parametric model…

Model-Implied Instrumental Variable Two-Stage Least Squares (MIIV-2SLS) is a limited information, equation-by-equation, noniterative estimator for latent variable models. Associated with this estimator are equation-specific tests of model misspecification. One issue with equation-specific tests is that they lack specificity, in that they indicate…

This paper argues for three aspects of tolerance with respect to QCA research: tolerance with respect to different approaches to QCA; producing QCA research with tolerance (work that is resistant to criticism); and for QCA researchers to be clear about the tolerance of the solutions they present -- especially in terms of calibration and truth…

Background and Context: Computational thinking (CT) has been increasingly added to K-12 curricula, prompting teachers to grade more and more CT artifacts. This has led to a rise in automated CT assessment tools. Objective: This study examines the scope and characteristics of publications that use machine learning (ML) approaches to assess…

Computational thinking (CT), as a new future-oriented literacy, has gained attention at the basic education level. Graphical programming is the common way to develop CT in primary students, but this drag-and-drop programming may weaken students' understanding of programming's abstract concepts and code logic. Text-based programming approaches can…

This study examined the developmental process of children's computational thinking using block-based programming tools, specifically algorithmic thinking and debugging skills. With this aim, a group of children (N = 191) from two primary schools were studied for two years beginning from the fourth grade, as they engaged in our block-based…

Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) is a theoretical framework used to assess information teaching. However, its application and popularity in practice is limited due to usability and accuracy issues. This study presents a quantitative model called TPACK-Venn, which is based on the graphical calculation of a Venn diagram determined…

This article discusses the latest developments of the Sucre4Stem tool, as part of the Sucre initiative, which aims to promote interest in computational thinking and programming skills in K-12 students. The tool follows the Internet of Things approach and consists of two prominent components: 1) SucreCore and 2) SucreCode. SucreCore incorporates an…