TWO INTERRELATED PROBLEM AREAS OF ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMING ARE DISCUSSED--(1) "NEEDS DEFINITION," AND (2) "NEEDS DOCUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATION". FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND WORK OF THE CENTER FOR ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH ARE PRESENTED. ISSUES ARE THE FAILURE TO RECOGNIZE HOW, WHEN, AND IN WHAT FORM THE NEED WILL BE USED. CRITERIA FORMULATION MUST BE…

This book is one of a series of studies--undertaken as part of the program adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO--related to the analysis of communication policies as they exist at the public, institutional, and professional levels in selected countries. Discussed in this book about Hungary's communication policies are such topics as mass…

The concept of trust and its implications for people working at various levels within school systems are explored. The school administrator is alerted to the elements of bureaucracy that inhibit the development of trust--hierarchy of authority, impersonal relationships and isolation, rules and regulations, close supervision and control, and…

Many international standards have been developed to aid information transfer and feedback, but they must be updated and promoted. International Organization for Standards (ISO) technical committees dealing with terminology, documentation, and information processing have several programs designed to meet this need. Catalogs, indexes, and…

Canada provides a unique example of the way in which practical communication problems have produced an awareness of communication theory, policy, and practice. This book brings together a collection of essays which aim to philosophically, analytically, and historically explore the lessons to be gained from Canadian communications activity and…

Effective communication between middle class, or educated (12th grade and up) and the lower class, or uneducated (8th grade or less) is discussed from the standpoint of problems suggested by potential discontinuity brought about by signs (or language) and common experience. Research in the field is cited. It is suggested that if the people of the…

In terms of its attention to research utilization, vocational rehabilitation today may be where agriculture was in 1913. One reason for this is an inadequate understanding of the process of research utilization. Scattered studies of research utilization have occurred, but suffer from a lack of integration. Among propositions that may be postulated…

This collection of four addresses considers some important issues for educational supervisors in a society undergoing rapid social changes. Jacqueline Grennan Wexler suggests that open communication in a climate of mutual independence and responsibility among educational administrators, students, teachers, and taxpayers is a possible solution to…

The problems involved in explaining the school reading program to the community are discussed, and methods for effective communication are outlined. Mobility of the community population, disparity within programs and among educators, and confusion of educational terminology are seen as factors inhibiting communication. Methods of effective…

The importance and nature of the speech clinician's diagnostic interview with his client's parents are discussed; also discussed are factors preventing establishment of effective communication, including the clinician's fears and attitudes toward parents. An approach to interviewing is presented in terms of the goals of obtaining and giving…

This anthology on communication as it concerns parents, children, and teachers contains 16 essays. The majority of the pieces are opinion papers by professionals from either colleges or elementary schools who are involved in child development. The contents of this document are as follows: "Communication Is the Key"; "Parent-Teachers:…

Problems are frequently encountered when attempting to improve the evaluation design of an ongoing educational program which has not made adequate provisions for evaluation. Usually the objectives of such a program are too global to guide the evaluator in the development of a more functional evaluation design. This paper presents a discussion of…

A systematic desensitization therapy program to reduce anxiety in speakers has been developed and implemented at Michigan State University for those students in basic speech courses who have been identified by "The Personal Report of Communication Apprehension" (PRCA) as having severe speech anxiety and thus being in need of Systematic…

After sketching the growth and general characteristics of library literature, the author examines what librarians think about the literature of librarianship. Early writers were more concerned with increasing the number of available sources than with objectively examining the literature. More recently a few historical or descriptive studies have…

This pamphlet contains many guidelines and suggestions for increasing communication effectiveness. Some typical communication problems and several theories of communication are examined; suggestions for improving reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills are offered. Special clues for radio and television communication are also included.…