Presents an ontological understanding of the phenomenon of anxiety and makes a comparison with the phenomenon of fear. Discusses the experience of anxiety in communication situations and offers implications for communication researchers. (JMF)

Describes the Writing Tutorial Service at Carleton University, Ottawa, which provides individual tutoring for students who want help with their writing. Outlines some of the teaching techniques used, showing how they vary according to the stage of the composing process at which tutors are required to intervene. (GT)

There is no developmental theory explaining adequately the connection between human development and elementary counseling theory. This article explores the need for an integrative theory, explains some of the problems assocaited with the development of it, and proposes some directions for elementary counseling and guidance based on a communication…

Points out that writing errors of journalism students can result from faulty thought patterns involving thinking in sentence fragments, personifying objects, using bureaucratic abstractions, and condensing complex ideas; examines ways of dealing with bureaucratic coding and compressed sentences. (Conclusion of a two-part article.) (GT)

Studies the use of language in social interaction by severely retarded adolescents by focusing on the relationship between communication in structured experimental situations and behavior in a normal communicative environment. (CM)

Two studies investigating the development of trait oral communication apprehension among children indicate: (1) oral communication apprehension exists from first to twelfth grades with consistent reliability of measurement, and (2) the Measure of Elementary Communication Apprehension (MECA) is positively related to three existing trait measures of…

An in vivo procedure for relaxation as self-control and a procedure for self-control modification of desensitization were compared to a no-treatment control. Results showed modified desensitization, compared to the control, significantly decreased communication anxiety and fear of negative evaluation and significantly increased assertiveness.…

Assesses the impact of oral, receiver and written communication apprehension on classroom achievement and contends that oral and receiver communication apprehension have a significant negative effect on achievement. (MH)

Suggests that "mass effect" arises when one's channels of communication are inadequate for the number of people one must deal with. Defines current "masses" as intricate systems of group-sets evolving from an effort to avoid "mass effect". (MH)

Assesses the construct and concurrent validity of the Reticence Scale, a 24-item self-report measure. Compares it to other established measures and to open-ended responses to a set of questions. Finds satisfactory support for its construct and concurrent validity. Finds high correlations between dimensions of the Reticence Scale and the open-ended…

Focuses on patterns of communication by members and leaders during episodes of conflict and how these patterns related to group development. Analyzed communication of two small groups that met for 12 weeks. Results indicate that integration and differentiation from systems theory are key elements of the group development process. (RJM)

Discussion of the causes of communication problems between physicians and chronically ill patients focuses on the information-seeking patterns of women with multiple sclerosis (MS). A survey investigated whether a woman's general orientation to information or the length of time she had MS affected her choice of information resource. (Author/LRW)

Chapter 1 programs across the country have taken significant steps toward building better communication with hard-to-reach families. Schools should adapt communication strategies to family needs, reach the intended audience, design inviting parent workshops, and make "good news" telephone calls. A sidebar features the McAllen, Texas,…

Presents a communications model based on the conduit metaphor and examines elements of the model from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. Suggests reasons why managers may not be convinced that miscommunication is an important organizational problem. Outlines a research program and explores pedagogical implications of the model. (KEH)

Conducts a factor analysis to determine listening barriers perceived as most frequently affecting the listening effectiveness among business college students. Finds the presence of six listening barriers, with the barrier "listen primarily for details or facts" as the most frequently encountered barrier perceived by students. (MM)