An explicit model of the process of quantification which involves the operations of subitizing and counting is described. The general model states that quantification of n items takes place via subitizing when n is less than five and via subitizing and addition (that is, counting) when n is five or larger. The explicit model is stated in the form…

Binomial coefficients are used to prove two conjectures concerning the partitioning of an N-dimensional space. (MP)

Three calculation methods were compared in solving problems involving frequency distributions, manual, basic calculator, and advanced calculator. Calculators were more efficient but there was no difference in calculator type. (MP)

The cognitive and psychomotor processes involved in working with the modern Japanese version of the abacus were investigated by distracting expert abacus operators in various ways. (Author/MV)

Two experiments (N=36) using a new, objective methodology for measuring relative image generation time demonstrate that images of three-dimensional objects evolve a part at a time. It also appears that the images are generated in a near-to-far sequence. Results are discussed in terms of computational and ecological considerations. (TJH)

Six easy-to-learn strategies are offered to help students with learning problems in mathematics make error-free subtraction calculations when either the subtrahend or remainder is a 9, 8, or 7 and when the minuend is in the teens. (CB)

The study compared the improvement in computational skills of two similar groups of accounting students, one using calculators in examinations and the other not. Not using calculators seems to improve the arithmetical ability of students, but does not significantly improve students' feel for numbers or ability to solve word problems. (CH)

After reviewing several assumptions that support the future ubiquitousness of computers in society and in scholarly research, summarizes three interrelated frameworks for developing instructional computing. (GC)

Proposes the hypothesis that preschoolers have number concepts based on the numbers 1-5 rather than on the decimal structure. Results suggest that children understand numbers to 5 as a privileged anchor. Proposes a new model for a representational system of numbers. (Author/DR)

This paper on the language of zero (1) deals with the spoken and written symbols used to convey the concepts of zero; (2) considers computational algorithms and the exception behavior of zero which illustrate much language of and about zero; and (3) the historical evolution of the language of zero. (JN)

Although breathing is a universal activity among physicists (and others), few have bothered to estimate the number of molecules inhaled in a single average breath. Some simple calculations and comparisons related to this phenomenon are provided to improve students' appreciation of the awesome numbers related to Avogadro's number. (JN)

A teacher in a large suburban elementary school in East Tennessee found that her fourth grade students had poor number sense and relied almost solely upon algorithmic procedure to solve math problems. Therefore, mental math was difficult for these students, so the daily number talks method was employed to strengthen number sense. However, no…

This study was designed to derive the distribution of a test statistic based on normal probability plots. The first purpose was to provide an empirical derivation of the critical values for the Line Test (LT) with an extensive computer simulation. The goal was to develop a test that is sensitive to a wide range of alternative distributions,…

A common cause of failure in accounting is student inability to mentally perform basic arithmetic computations. The first step toward solving the problem of arithmetic deficiencies would be to make a calculator available to all students, especially since they will be working in a numerical, machine-dominated world. (SC)

Investigated the development of informal addition in Dioula (A Moslem ethnic group from West Africa) from childhood to adulthood and the effect of schooling on mental arithmetic. Compares these data with results from a study of children from the United States. (MK)