Causal attributions were obtained from male and female subjects of two racial groups, black and white, following achievement performance in a "natural" setting. Although women expected lower grades than men, no significant differences in attributional ratings as function of gender were observed, nor were any race by gender interactions seen in the…

This paper briefly reviews how New York City has developed its bureaucratic school structures, the pathologies that have developed within them, and some remedies that can help to change them into structures that will improve city schools. Some historians claimed that reformers purposely created bureaucratic school systems to provide a docile pool…

A study of vocational guidance in a Federal German agency shows discrepancies between performance and the formally legislated job description; welfare bureaucrats reduce formally stated role schemes in order to cope. The relational, normative, and functional aspects of reduction are discussed, and mechanisms of cognitive reconciliation of roles…

The purpose of this study was to expand the previous limited locus of control focus of gender differences cross-nationally by shifting to an attributional model for both successes and failures in both achievement and affiliation domains in order to test the hypothesis that women differ from men in their attributional patterns for achievement and…

Research has reported relationships between fear of success and fear of failure and between fear of success and various sex-role identity factors. These relationships were examined for undergraduates (N=154) using the Fear of Success Scale (FOSS) to measure fear of success, the Debilitating Anxiety Scale (DAS) to measure fear of failure, and the…

Much theoretical interest has been focused on the role that causal attributions play in the development of mood disorders. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of outcomes and performance attributions upon mood. In the first experiment subjects performed different tasks which naturally gave rise to internal or external…

Age is often used to explain performances by older people that may be judged substandard in comparison with those of younger people. To explore age as a possible causal attribution, descriptions of task performances by young (aged 30) and old (aged 70) women were judged by young (N=352) and old (N=96) female subjects on four attributions, i.e.,…

Research has shown that attributing failure to lack of ability leads to lower motivation than does attributing the failure to lack of effort. An attributional model of motivation and performance following failure was tested with college students (N=63), who were preselected on the basis of their attributional styles for interpersonal failures, as…

Five subject groups (adults and 11-, 9-, 7-, and 5-year-olds) were given affective reactions by a teacher, such as anger and pity, and asked to infer the teacher's causal attributions regarding why a student failed, such as low ability of lack of effort. There were systematic linkages between the following affect-attribution pairings:…

Alcoholism is becoming an increasingly significant problem for women. At one time, women rarely drank and the female alcoholic was an anomaly. Estimates of the total number of women alcoholics in the United States today are over 900,000. Women now constitute from 20 to 35% of all alcoholics in this country. This paper attempts to gain…

Educators are becoming increasingly concerned with social psychological variables affecting classroom behavior. This study attempts to determine if the achievement attribution model is supported in an actual classroom setting with college students actually taking an important exam. Participants were 35 volunteers from an introductory social…

A follow-up study of agricultural education graduates from Texas A & M University was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the curriculum in agricultural education at the University in the preparation of graduates for careers in agriculture and to determine the factors which might influence the choice of and success in either teaching…

Patterns of student performance were examined in a personalized instruction (PSI) course. Introductory psychology students (N=65) were randomly divided into a completely self-paced group and a group that had an early, instructor-imposed deadline. It was hypothesized that the early deadline group would respond at a more even pace throughout the…

THIS VOLUME PROVIDES EXEMPLARY QUESTIONNAIRE FORMS AND INTERVIEWING INSTRUCTIONS FOR ASSESSING PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER EDUCATION OF AMERICAN INDIANS IN THE SOUTHWESTERN AREA OF THE UNITED STATES. IT SUPPLEMENTS COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT NUMBER 878, ENTITLED "ALASKAN NATIVE SECONDARY SCHOOL DROPOUTS" (ACCESSION NUMBER ED…

THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN APPROACH FOR SYSTEMATICALLY DEVELOPING AND INTERRELATING ORAL LANGUAGE AND READING BEHAVIORS WAS BASED ON A RESEARCH STUDY OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT AND READING WHOLLY CONCERNED WITH THE EDUCATIONALLY DISADVANTAGED, SPANISH-SPEAKING CHILD IN TEXAS. THE APPROACH WAS DEVELOPED FROM A STUDY OF A PARTICULAR GROUP OF CHILDREN…