Research designed to analyze the effect of achievement motivation and gender as determinants of attributions for success and failure is described. One-hundred and twenty male and female subjects, divided according to levels of achievement motivation, were asked to do an anagram task at which they were made to succeed or fail. Ratings of ability,…

Investigated were the effects of three different social situations on the performance of 48 mildly mentally retarded individuals (12-17 years old). Ss were randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups and were asked to complete simple and complex mazes in one of three audience conditions: no audience, evaluative audience, and non-evaluative…

Much of the criticism of higher education involves demands for greater efficiency. In certain areas, such critiques are valid; in others, they are misguided. Often the criteria and measurements used are misleading. In presenting the perspective of a large university, three erroneous means of increasing efficiency are highlighted, including: (1)…

This review of higher education research conducted in Australia and New Zealand is divided in two parts. Part I deals generally with research into academic success and failure and includes: (1) selection and wastage; (2) selection, years spent in sixth form, and a Formula; (3) age and maturity; (4) other student variables, such as reasons students…

Efforts toward predicting reading failure have been principally directed at assessing the child's strengths and weaknesses with reference to a limited number of reading correlates under conditions dissimilar to those in which he will be later expected to perform. Because this type of readiness model does not take into consideration a number of…

Over 381,000 college students are suspended or dismissed each year for academic reasons. These college failouts exhibit the full range of academic potential but are hampered by such things as low self concept, inadequate language skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking, a lack of ability to make sound decisions, a lack of meaningful…

The study was conducted to determine the effects of experimentally-arranged success and failure experiences on the subsequent performance of learning tasks by educable mentally retarded (EMR) students. Subjects were 68 EMR intermediate grade children, divided into four groups. Prior to the learning task on each of 5 subsequent days, subjects in…

A review of research literature on the subject of dyslexia printed since 1955 is presented, concentrating on the interest in the subject during the late 1960's. The authors initially admit that precise definition of the term dyslexia is quite impossible (they use the term to mean the inability to read) and devote chapters to describing problems…

This is a report of students who entered as freshmen in the fall of 1956 and the fall of 1957, and of students enrolled at all undergraduate levels during the 1956-57 academic year at 20 institutions of higher education in the U.S. The report discusses: (1) applications, admissions, and registration; (2) admitted applicants who failed to register…

Dyslexia is defined in this book as the inability to process language symbols. Dyslexia is seen as a continuum ranging from mild forms of symbol confusion to complex syndromes of disabilities. Three specific kinds of dyslexia are identified: visual dyslexia, auditory dyslexia, and dysgraphia. Two chapters, one describing and one suggesting…

In-depth interviews with 75 California recipients of Aid to Families of Dependent Children (AFDC) were conducted to determine employment histories and identify possible causes. Expected factors such as family size, education, health, and motivation were not major determinants of work histories in this sample. Unemployment was related most strongly…

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors in attrition over which Southwestern College might exercise some control and through which experimentation could be conducted toward changing the patterns of attrition. Data were gathered from college files on every student who withdrew from one or more classes for the fall 1971 semester. A…

THE PRESENT STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO OBTAIN AN OVERVIEW OF THE SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS OF YOUNG ADULTS WHO HAD BEEN DIAGNOSED AS SEVERLY DISABLED READERS IN THEIR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL YEARS. OCCUPATIONAL POSITION, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVEL OF READING SKILL, EDUCATIONAL STATUS, ATTITUDES TOWARD READING AND REMEDIAL HELP, AND MARITAL STATUS WERE…

The current focus on individualization of instructional procedures in the "new technology of teaching" has provided impetus for reexamination of anxiety as a variable in academic behavior. Existing literature is reviewed, suggesting the need for a taxonomy to provide some order and the basis for improving research and application. A preliminary…

Published and unpublished studies of factors related to reading comprehension in business communication are briefly summarized. Factors considered include organization of copy, format and appearance, graphics, distractions, reading time, listening versus reading, reader attributes, and readability. (AA)