This discussion guide features plans for three workshops, each accompanying one of the 20-minute video programs in the series "Breaking the Cycle of Failure: Marie Carbo's Practical Strategies for Reading Success." The three programs present an overview of the need for teaching based on children's reading styles, the effect of using the…

Retention of students began soon after the introduction of graded elementary schools in the mid-1800s. As early as 1911, research started to show that retention failed to remedy the difficulties of academic achievement and social adjustment exposed through graded schools. Educators today have a number of options other than retention designed to…

The view that humans fail to solve certain types of problems because they are helpless and passive originated from a series of studies with animals; subsequent research attempted to replicate the findings of the learned helplessness behavior with humans. In an attempt to replicate and extend the Hiroto and Seligman (1975) study of humans exposed…

This manual presents a method of teaching cooking to nonreaders. The language of the method consists of visual symbols, such as drawings of bowls, spoons, and ingredients, and color. The "Simply Great" method consists of three basic formats: the one-step booklet, the full-page format, and the simply written for the student with some…

Focusing on the process of reading comprehension, this book contains chapters on some central topics relevant to understanding the processes associated with comprehending text. The articles and their authors are as follows: (1) "Comprehension Processes: Introduction" (K. Rayner); (2) "The Role of Meaning in Word Recognition"…

The aim of this paper is to indicate how Project Follow Through can contribute to a better-integrated and rationalized federal programming strategy. The first section identifies areas in which federal programs have consistently succeeded or failed and presents reasons why those outcomes are probably the inevitable results of the policy tools that…

This study examined factors that may place adolescents at risk for psychological dysfunction and school failure. Subjects were 70 adolescents who were admitted to a psychiatric hospital from September 1986 to March 1988. Demographic, academic performance, familial, and psychological data were retroactively gathered from patient files, tabulated…

Learned helplessness is a variable which has commonly been considered in research on sex-related differences in mathematics achievement. In this study, learned helplessness has been defined in terms of a debilitating or facilitating response resulting from failure on mathematical word problems. The construct has been called Performance Following…

Individuals may be stigmatized (discredited) if their attributes make them less than what is expected for the social categories into which they are placed. A tentative typology of situations can be developed, based on their potential for producing the stigmatization of old age. In daily situations that do not demand excessive physical or mental…

A study was conducted to investigate the relationships among sex, attribution, and selection of communication strategy in an instructional setting. The attributions and communication strategies selected by students following failing performances were examined. In addition, two sex variables were investigated--the sex of the subject and the sex of…

Through this article, the significance of motivation, whether extrinsic or intrinsic in the teaching and learning process is focused. Various simple methods to enhance motivation among students are highlighted in an effort towards quality teaching and inculcating a love for learning.

Analyzing Moynihan's findings, author argues that it is impossible, methodologically speaking, for Moynihan to draw valid and useful conclusions relative to the issues he raised from the data he presents in his report. (Author/RJ)

It is necessary to evaluate what went wrong with federal efforts to ease the manpower shortage so progress can be made toward establishing new vocational and literacy training programs to meet the workers' and the industries' needs in the era of technological revolution. (AG)

Before reading teachers can be held accountable, batteries of diagnostic tests measuring the whole range of language characteristics must be developed and incorporated into school programs. (JH)