This article contributes to the theory of institutional habitus by exploring the differing ways in which the institutional habitus of two schools in Belfast, Northern Ireland mediates the local habitus of working-class boys. All of the boys in this qualitative case study live in the same disadvantaged working-class community but attend two…

A one-year follow-up study examined the role of developmental challenges, personality (dependency, self-criticism, and personal efficacy), and support systems in adaptation among Israeli emerging adults (N = 236) participating in a preparatory academic program. Participants were assessed during their enrollment in the preparatory academic program…

This two volume document investigates the policies and processes that result in learners failing or passing in grades 1-3 in Ondangwa and Rundu education regions of Namibia. The first volume is a synthesis of the research, while volume two presents the "raw" data provided to help ground the reader in real life school settings. Ondangwa…

This study was conducted to compare causal attributions for success and failure response across four school subject areas (English, Mathematics, General Music, and Physical Education) using a "critical incident" methodology. Students (N=205) from a midwestern junior high school completed a questionnaire in which they identified important…

The study focuses on the completion rates in the three primary instructional modes at the university: (1) regularly scheduled classroom modules; (2) self-instructional modules; and (3) independent study. It appears that there is too wide a divergence in the completion rates among these instructional modes, but there is no solid information to…

After consideration of difficulties and shortcomings in the field of research in reading retardation, the evidence about specific factors contributing to reading achievement is reviewed. Factors considered include intelligence and patterns of scores on intelligence subscales, processing of verbal and auditory stimuli, and personality…

Describes the theory and known influences on learned helplessness, particularly in the mathematics field, and discusses prevention and remediation with respect to this phenomenon. (PK)

The failure-success ratio for older adults returning to complete university programs is three to one. Only 25 percent of unprepared adults make a C average. The cost of running remediation programs and duplication of efforts with other institutions raises questions for universities trying to be all things to all people. (Author)

Describes a reworking of a Title 1 program in Lake Forest, Delaware schools, to eliminate first grade retention due to substandard level of reading ability. The process included: (1) making reading fun; (2) new reading material; (3) parental participation; (4) scheduled reading time; (5) reading requirements; and (6) teachers' aides in classrooms.…

For the past two decades, Japanese management practices have attracted a great deal of attention in the United States. Quality Circles (QCs) have been considered to be one of the most promising approaches to improving American workers' productivity. QCs are defined as small groups of employees from the same work area who meet to identify, analyze,…

The types of test score interpretive information considered useful to failing examinees were studied through interviews with Educational Testing Service (ETS) staff members. Research literature on interpretive information for failing test takers was reviewed, and procedures currently used at ETS were determined. Managers of 23 testing programs…

Psychologists, by the very nature of their work, are faced with practicing at the borders of their competence, for two reasons. First, they may encounter certain clients or situations for which they are only minimally prepared; and second, as human beings they are subject to the same destructive effects of untoward life events as their clients,…

Management development programs have become almost a corporate must, many of the efforts to improve managerial capabilities fall far short of their goals. Fourteen proposals made here, which range from personalizing the program to building an ethical system, show how the structure and process of any development effort can be improved. (Author/BP)