This paper examines the impact of vouchers in general and voucher design in particular on public school performance. It argues that all voucher programs are not created equal. There are often fundamental differences in voucher designs that affect public school incentives differently and induce different responses from them. It analyzes two voucher…

A major form of data analysis in clinical child and adolescent psychology is multiple regression. This article reviews issues in the application of such methods in light of the research designs typical of this field. Issues addressed include controlling covariates, evaluation of predictor relevance, comparing predictors, analysis of moderation,…

Relations among academic stress, depression, and suicidal ideation were examined in 1,108 Asian adolescents 12-18 years old from a secondary school in Singapore. Using Baron and Kenny's [J Pers Soc Psychol 51:1173-1192, 1986] framework, this study tested the prediction that adolescent depression mediated the relationship between academic stress…

When a natural or man-made disaster strikes, there is usually little time for citizens to prepare and protect themselves. In September 2003, the U.S. Department of Homeland Defense implemented a National Response Plan dealing with many forms of disaster. However, when a disaster hits, not all citizens are equally prepared or protected. A sample of…

The logarithmic transformation is a commonly applied procedure in regression analysis when two or more variables have a nonlinear relationship. When the response variable is logarithmically transformed, confidence intervals for conditional means and predictions may actually be wider than their counterparts obtained from the model with the original…

Prenatal maternal stress has been shown to affect postnatal development in animals and humans. In animals, the morphology and function of the offspring's hippocampus is negatively affected by prenatal maternal stress. The present study prospectively investigated the influence of prenatal maternal stress on learning and memory of 112 children (50…

An investigation of the effects of randomly missing data in two-predictor regression analyses is described. The differences in the effectiveness of five common treatments of missing data on estimates of R-squared values and each of the two standardized regression weights is also investigated. Bootstrap sample sizes of 50, 100, and 200 were drawn…

Analyzes data from lengthy profile questionnaires completed by 78 managers and 407 of their subordinates and examines how five different management styles are related to various aspects of the contingent situation. (Available from Subscription Section, American Psychological Association, 1200 Seventeenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.; $30.00…

Many data analysis problems in psychology may be posed conveniently in terms which place the parameters to be estimated on one side of an equation and an expression in these parameters on the other side. A rule for improving the rate of convergence of the iterative solution of such equations is developed and applied to four problems. (Author/RC)

A study was conducted which partially tested the validity of assumptions of the Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM) based model of communication competence. Two research questions were explored: (1) how well can a CMM-based model predict an individual's perceived communication competence in a given context? and (2) how is an individual…

The behavior of two real-time computer simulation models of melody recognition was compared with the performance of human subjects in this study. One of the models, INT1, recognized melodies by comparing specific intervals with stored intervals. The other model, CONT1, performed by comparing the contour of the stimulus melody with an array of…

In almost all applications of measurement there is some sort of response by a human subject. Almost always, the response scale is ordinal, but almost always it is treated as if it were an interval measure. Methods for treating data ordinally are currently being developed in three areas: ordinal analysis for questionnaire responses, ordinal…

In this article the results from six states in Australia involved in a cross-national analyses of an IEA Science Project are regarded as replications, on the basis of which general statements are made about learning conditions associated with the performance in science of Australian students. (Author/RK)

Experimental studies indicate that the primary determinant of changes in sexual and aggressive behavior following alcohol consumption is expectancy. Multiple regression analyses were performed on the responses of 100 college students to an alcohol-expectancy questionnaire to determine how expectations for sexual and aggressive behavior following…