The general nature of collaborative work among peers in classrooms is discussed. This framework is applied to the interpretation of a 2-year study which examined how pairs of children in two classrooms (8- and 9-year-olds; 11- and 12-year-olds) worked together to solve computer programming problems in the LOGO language. It was found that students…

One cognitive theory of spelling states that the spelling of words can be produced in one of three ways, depending on the amount and kind of information stored in the memory about a particular word. Assuming this theory as a foundation, this study reviewed two forms of computer assisted instruction developed in an effort to build an instructional…

Research on attraction in an interpersonal context has strongly suggested that the more attracted two people are to one another, the more they tend to communicate. This study explored attraction and social interaction patterns at the perceptual level. Eighty male and female graduate students, 40 black and 40 white, completed a two part measure of…

This report for 1977 is the third in a series of annual reports prepared by the Committee on a Study of National Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Research Personnel in a continuing study. Discussed are the current status of the labor market and the near-term outlook for research personnel in the four broad areas into which the study is…

This paper reviews the history of Division 35 (Division of Psychology of Women) of the American Psychological Association. It discusses the meaning of the concept of a psychology of women, starting with Parlee's distress that such a concept conveys a need for a special or separate set of laws or theories about women and concludes with Mednick's…

A study investigated whether the interactive behaviors of elderly individuals were significantly influenced by their environment. The key to the investigation was the notion that human interaction can function to aid elderly individuals as they adapt to aging. Subjects were individuals over 65 years of age living in one of three separate…

Three studies tested the capability of three measurement instruments to predict a communication behavior across a variety of communication situations. The intent of these related studies was to demonstrate the utility of a self-presentation analysis of the concept of personality, an approach postulating that people strive to create the impression…

School psychology is a very complex field further complicated by current socio-political contexts which mandate the development of a psychology of school psychology, requiring two things as first steps. The first step is a model which outlines the conceptual map of the area, gives direction to investigations in the area, and checks on the…

Several psychological theories are viable when examining the victims of intimate violence, specifically battered women. Although cognitive consistency models view individuals as striving toward balanced cognitive states, battered women can exist with the cognitive inconsistency of being harmed by men who love them. The theory of cognitive arousal…

A conception of the self system is needed for studying personally involving beliefs and attitudes, particularly to interpret research findings that show differences in cognitive processing and action as a function of varying levels of involvement. Different levels of involvement are associated with different structures of attitudes and beliefs, as…

To test the assumptions that children's perceptions of a news program affect their learning and that their perceptions are in turn affected by age and program context, a study was undertaken involving 435 third through seventh graders. The specific independent and perceptual variables examined were: believability, liking the story and program,…

Early research into women's political participation assumed erroneously that gender was more important than race, ethnicity, and class, that uniform commitment on women's issues would occur, and that only female officeholders could represent women. Based on attitudinal, participatory, and electoral data collected in Houston, Texas in 1977-78, this…

The impact of the television program "Holocaust" on adolescent attitudes is investigated. The study explored the knowledge and attitudes of the students before and after viewing the show and examined how the students differed by racial or ethnic group, and religious preference, or extent of religious observance in their response to the…

Sixty half-hour family discussions generated by the "revealed differences technique" were analyzed to determine the emotional intensity and quality (friendliness/attacking) of messages between individuals in families with schizophrenic and "normal" sons. Thirty families in each situation (schizophrenic/normal) were matched for comparison. Both…

In a study of turnover in a midwest trucking firm, the files of 199 terminated drivers were used in a statistical analysis of 19 variables that might have been correlated to length of service. A series of interviews with drivers and key management personnel supplemented the statistical data. It was found that previously identified biographical…