The role of verbalization in children's mental operations was studied by comparing the mental operations children used in spatial perspective tasks (indicating another's view) and rotation tasks (imagining an object's rotation and one's own subsequent view). Each of 96 children (equal numbers of boys and girls, kindergarten and second grade…

This collection of abstracts is part of a continuing series providing information on recent doctoral dissertations. The 19 titles deal with a variety of topics, including the following: group communication; effects of communication skills training on marital interaction; relationship among assertiveness, manifest anxiety, and self-esteem; dyadic…

The University of Evansville basketball team and others associated with it were killed in an airplane crash in December, 1977. The University had to decide how to respond to the tragedy. Advice received from other universities was based upon impression rather than systematic data collection. At Evansville, interviews were held with 87 students who…

The hypothesis (Kelly, 1968) that, in a fluid school setting, students with a high preference for exploration would adapt more easily than low explorers, while in a constant school environment the opposite would be the case, was examined. A sample of 120 eighth-grade boys selected to represent low, moderate, and high exploration groups were…

Violence and advertising are the most visible of many issues receiving attention in the formulation of policy by govermental agencies, the television industry, and advocacy groups. The role in policy formulation of empirical research that identifies relationships between television viewing, individual thought, and behavior is growing in several…

This study investigated the effects of therapist gender, client gender and sex-stereotypic behavior on ratings of maladjustment and prognosis made on four bogus clinical descriptions. Gender was manipulated by changing sex of client within each of two sex-stereotypic behavioral descriptions yielding two sex-appropriate and two sex-inappropriate…

Between 1959 and 1975, television replaced newspapers as the public's major source of news. To examine this trend in further detail, a national sample of 1,519 adults were asked to construct diaries of their activities during one day in the fall of 1975. These adults were also interviewed for their use of television news and newspapers. In a…

A study of five teachers and 316 junior high school physical education students reveals an unequal distribution of positive reinforcement teacher behavior among individual students. Factors influencing the amount of rewarding behavior directed to students include elements such as student gender, teacher perception of student skill level, student…

This report calls attention to those areas of research on aging in the behavioral and social sciences that have promise for both short-run and long-term. It looks at the societal context for aging, at processes of aging in the individual, and, finally, at the older person in the context of various social institutions. The societal context examines…

THIS MANUAL DESCRIBES MEASURES USED IN "THE COGNITIVE ENVIRONMENTS OF URBAN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN" PROJECT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. THE SAMPLE FOR THE STUDY CONSISTED OF 163 NEGRO MOTHER-CHILD PAIRS SELECTED FROM 3 SOCIOECONOMIC CLASSES BASED ON THE FATHER'S OCCUPATION AND THE PARENTS' EDUCATION. A FOURTH GROUP INCLUDED FATHER-ABSENT…

THIS MANUAL DESCRIBES MEASURES USED IN "THE COGNITIVE ENVIRONMENTS OF URBAN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN" PROJECT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. THE SAMPLE FOR THE STUDY CONSISTED OF 163 NEGRO MOTHER-CHILD PAIRS SELECTED FROM 3 SOCIOECONOMIC CLASSES BASED ON THE FATHER'S OCCUPATION AND THE PARENTS' EDUCATION. A FOURTH GROUP INCLUDED FATHER-ABSENT…

Five studies investigated the development of imitation in children 1-3 years old. Results indicated that children as young as 12 months possess the cognitive capability of translating a perception of an action into their own behavior, but imitation varies as actions requiring direct social commerce with the examiner are imitated less frequently…

Teaching critical treatment-related skills to behavior change agents is an important task. One such treatment-related skill is the ability to observe and specifically describe ongoing appropriate and inappropriate behaviors. In this study, the effectiveness of a training package in teaching behavior specificity was demonstrated in two experiments.…

This paper discusses some of the author's experiences in two sexually homogeneous environments, a male juvenile correctional facility and a four-year womens college, from an Adlerian perspective. Although unrelated, the two populations have important similarities and differences, such as that incarcerated male juveniles and college females often…

The task group report presented in this publication is one of a series prepared by eminent psychologists who have served as consultants in the U.S.O.E.-sponsored grant study to conduct a Critical Appraisal of the Personality-Emotions-Motivation-Domain. In order to achieve the goal of identifying important problems and areas for new research and…