Organizational behavior is defined and its micro and macro subdivisions described. Leavitt's model for organizational change (task, technology, structure, and people) is employed to extract meanings from the organizational behavior literature. A diagnostic approach is suggested for applying organizational behavior to the practice of higher…

This paper reviews current models of problem solving to identify results relevant to teachers or instructional developers. Four areas are covered: information processing models, approaches stressing human abilities and factors, creative problem solving models, and other aspects of problem solving. Part of a theme issue on intelligence. (Author/SJL)

In this article, research on nonhuman animals is reviewed to show that there is no discontinuity between humans and other animals. For both, high density is not necessarily harmful. Rather, the effect of high density depends on other factors in the situation. (Author)

Defines areas that could comprise pharmaceutical psychology. The discussion includes a review of literature, outline of areas in pharmacy in which psychologists could become involved, description of a project involving the application of psychology to pharmacy, and analysis of the concept of pharmaceutical psychology. A 99-item bibliography is…

Teachers participated in a course on behavioral approaches in the classroom. Training was conducted in phases: Information, Instructions to Practice, Guided Practice, Coding Practice, and Performance Feedback. Significant increases in positive teacher behaviors and decreases in negative teacher behaviors were observed but were not maintained.…

There is no accepted definition of "needs" of the elderly. Perceptions vary with age, professional role, relationships, and time. The wide range of methodologies presents problems. Research instruments are being refined. The use of index of incapacity measures offers the best data base for planning needed services. (Author/NRB)

Demonstrates that audience members create specific and sometimes elaborate practical actions involving television in order to gratify particular needs in the context of family viewing. Supports a typology of the social uses of television using ethnographic research and current uses and gratifications literature. (JMF)

Observations of 469 children in nursery and day care classrooms revealed sex differences in the expected directions for aggression and dependency, but not for cooperation. Age differences varied by sex, social class, and type of behavior. Although social class effects were weakest, they were significant for aggression and cooperation. (Author/RL)

Left- and right-handed second-grade, sixth-grade, and college students were compared on four subtests of the Torrance creativity test. At each level, left-handed students had higher creativity scores than right-handers. The greatest differences were found on the elaboration subtests. (Author/RL)

Describes study to determine the success of university students' behavioral self-control projects. Results indicate that the teaching of self-control principles is easily integrated into personal adjustment classes and can have lasting effects on students' coping skills. (KC)

Finds communication apprehension to be significantly negatively related to both middle-school students' attitudes toward school and final grades. Indicates that communication apprehension influences the choice of desired others made by students and their teachers in a classroom communication network. (JMF)

Points out three difficulties with the Munz-Smouse test anxiety classification scheme. Describes an alternative procedure and illustrates its advantages over the Munz-Smouse procedure. (RL)

This essay attempts to describe how age relations are important to the social behavior of preschool children. Major behaviors examined are sociability, friendship, aggression, and dominance. Imitation, cognitive development, social cognition, nurturance, and prosocial behavior are also briefly considered. (Author/SJL)

Asserting that educators need to be aware, when they are judging student behaviors, of the behavior norms of different ethnic groups, the author proposes a research framework which would impart greater cultural sensitivity to the schools' processes of socialization and modification of deviant behaviors. (SJL)

This study examined subject variable effects for, and interrelationships among six measures of racial awareness. Task reliabilities and validities were also assessed. Subjects were 85 children ranging from 3 to 7 years of age. Ratios of males to females and blacks to whites were comparable across age levels. (MS)