Two theories, the closed loop model (divides self-regulation into self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement) and the non-mediational model (defines self-regulation as behavior that is controlled by its long-term and observable consequences), have been proposed to explain why behavior changes when self-monitoring occurs. Both…

Recent approaches to research on moral development have considered the preeminence of situational factors in moral development and moral behavior. An open systems approach emphasizes the interactive effects of person and situation variables on moral decision-making. The interactive effects of three sets of variables on moral decision-making were…

Behavioral effects studies of mediated violence have traditionally focused on four paradigms: limited effects/reinforcement, instigation, imitation, and catharsis. The catharsis perspective suggests that the desire or need to exhibit aggressive or hostile behaviors is reduced by a release of those desires through vicarious or behavioral…

This paper provides a conceptual definition and model of self-presentational behavior. Self-presentation is defined as the attempt to control self-relevant images before real or imagined others. Several aspects of the definition are discussed along with the notion that people's self-presentations represent the choice of the most desirable images…

The contribution of a structured procedure designed to facilitate the generalization of assertive behavior was examined. Subjects solicited from the community (N=48) were assigned to an assertion training plus generalization instructions (AT Plus), an assertion training only (AT Only), or an attention-placebo control condition. Both behavioral…

The effects of observational purpose are thought to impact on such diverse processes as categorization, behavior perception, trait ascription, and memory. The role of observational purpose in the categorization of behavior was explored to determine whether differences between trait and goal concepts affect certain information-processing…

This paper investigated whether male and female college teachers exhibit differences in the way in which they manage authority in the classroom. The hypothesis was that sex differences in classroom authority management were likely to exist for two reasons. First, female professors would have to adopt masculine sex-typed styles of interaction in…

A study examined the relationship between rhetorical sensitivity and self-disclosure. Subjects were 419 college students who completed the Rhetorical Sensitivity Scale and the Self-Disclosure Situations Survey. The results indicated that rhetorical sensitivity and self-disclosure were inversely related. Rhetorically sensitive individuals did not…

This document describes and presents the results of a study undertaken to determine the nature of popular interest in and demand for cultural and artistic activities in 13 southern states. The general objective of the study was to provide information to policy makers on public opinion regarding the relative merits of "elitist activities"…

Decision making processes among older adults were investigated within the context of grocery selection, using a stimulus array involving two product classes (bread and cheese) with 10 items per class. The sample (N=580) was stratified by sex, household status (living alone or with spouse), and age, employing three age groupings: 25-34 (young),…

Viable employment options for persons entering the field of behavioral research are examined, and the need for such research in the field of health services is discussed. The following statistics are presented in tabular form: (1) number of doctorates awarded annually in psychology with five year intervals, 1920-1974; (2) age of psychology…

To determine whether readers read and recall news stories better when they are accompanied by photographs and whether photograph size affects reading and recalling, three versions of the front page of a newspaper were produced. Each version of the front page contained a news story and a related photograph which had been altered to constitute one…

The effect of context on children's attribution of the emotional state (happy to unhappy on a 5-point scale) of various pictures of infants is examined in this paper. Three sets of pictures rated by adults as being of happy, unhappy, or ambiguous infants, were chosen and presented to 40 preschool children. Following rating use training, half of…

An analytical field study of 20 students whose first grade low readiness scores contrasted sharply with their ninth grade academic achievement sought to ascertain what variables were associated with such differences. Interview and standardized test data were used to determine the relationships between student development and five nonschool…

This paper relates philosophical and psychological concerns in formulating a theory of teaching and learning. The laboratory exercise is shown to be a paradigm case of the theory, and a means by which students can be taught to think. The laboratory exercise is presented as a means to demonstrate a facet of the conceptual nature of science and to…