Concludes that subjects with considerable prior exposure to common, nonviolent pornography preferred to watch uncommon pornography. Male nonstudents preferred it almost exclusively, as did male students to a lesser extent. Females also exhibited this consumption preference, though it was far less pronounced, especially in female students. (JD)

Analyzes relationships between directly observed infant and mother behavior and infant temperament characteristics, as described in maternal ratings; separates the effects of different variance components in prediction of the observed behaviors; and explores possible interactions between infant sex and infant temperament in determining both infant…

Assessed impact of divorced parents' participation in group counseling sessions, on their elementary school-age children's self-concept and on parents' childrearing attitudes. Experimental group parents demonstrated higher confidence and acceptance scores; their children had significantly higher self-concept scores than did controls. Suggests that…

States that the combination of group rewards (based on group members' individual learning) and peer interaction on learning tasks is necessary to produce learning gains characteristic of effective cooperative learning methods. Discusses research on group contingencies and cooperative learning in the elementary school classroom.(NH)

Sixteen studies were analyzed that employed single-subject designs focusing on conduct disorders in preschoolers. Results indicated that reinforcement produced most positive outcomes, followed by punishment, timeout, and differential attention. Subject characteristics such as sex, handicapping condition, and target behavior typically bore little…

Examines ways in which behavioral and social science can contribute to the stability of the modern partnership between government, academia, and science. Stresses the role researchers can play in the legislative process. Summarizes related articles in the same journal issue. (KH)

This overview of the field of personality theory evaluates the important features of Raymond Cattell's work. While there are many areas of agreement between Cattell and other personality theorists, his rejection of traditional clinical methods for measurement and experimentation has created controversy as well as an extraordinarily rich…

A social-interaction training procedure employing picture cues (photographs of play materials in their settings), prompts, and reinforcement was investigated to determine its effect on subject-peer and subject-teacher interaction. The results indicate that picture cues facilitate communication and allow independent social interaction and serve as…

Describes a study which analyzed problem solvers' error detection processes by instructing subjects to think aloud when solving statistical problems. Effects of evaluative episodes on error detection, detection of different error types, error detection processes per se, and relationship of error detection behavior to problem-solving proficiency…

This study investigated how "correct" and "incorrect" dissenters from erroneous group consensus affect conformity on visual and opinion stimuli under normative and informational social pressure. Results are consistent with earlier data. (Author)

A study is reported in which subjects aged 8 - 18 years made magnitude estimations of height for targets whose height and distance from them varied. For distances up to 15m, and heights from 5 to 50 cm, size constancy prevailed at all ages. (MS)

This paper attempts to clarify conceptualization in the general area of marital power. The concept of power is differentiated from control attempt, control, resources, and authority. A theory is developed which specifies the relationships among these five variables. (Author)

Describes a successful intervention procedure utilizing operant conditioning techniques that reduced the high frequency of inappropriate behavior of a retarded girl in a residential facility. Three teachers, in three different instructional settings, mildly punished each incident of hand-mouthing while concurrently teaching more functional…

Organization development consultants (N=75) asked to list the 10 "most important" diagnostic questions they would want answered before accepting the contract. These were seen as a function of the change agent's organizational model and predictive of the interventions these consultants would plan. (Author)

Suggests two means of humanizing objectives and examines the cognitive and affective responses of students to behavioral objectives for a unit of instruction in a basic speech communication course. (MH)