Current notions of metacognition merge with the predominant scientific model used in psychology, that of information processing. Metacognition is seen as a control process that governs the action of more elemental cognitive skills. Given the centrality of this notion, it is important that metacognition should be examined in detail. From the point…

A major issue concerning adult intellectual development is whether intellectual decline in late adulthood is uniform or ability-specific. Differential patterns of ability decline were analyzed by comparing data on longitudinal age change over the age range from 53 to 81 years from two successive 14-year periods (1956-1970 and 1970-1984). The…

The premise behind the cognitive approach to teaching is that understanding results when new learning is integrated with existing knowledge. But the goal of science instruction is to replace existing ideas with new theories. Current research in science education seeks to resolve these conflicting instructional approaches. (Author/VM)

Discussion of computer-assisted career guidance (CACG) focuses on a study that examined how cognitive structuring intervention before using a CACG system would affect subjects' occupational certainty and vocational identity. The DISCOVER system is described, Holland's hexagonal model is discussed as the intervention, and further research needs are…

A conceptual model is presented for the assessment and treatment of cognitive-communication impairments in closed-head-injury patients. Neurobehavioral assessment is suggested in place of neuropsychological testing. Stages of cognitive recovery are outlined and are accompanied by treatment considerations which emphasize a systems approach. (JDD)

Describes pilot study in a high school which assessed the qualitative and quantitative changes which occurred in two severely disabled readers' cognitive processes during strategy training. Results suggested that a qualitative shift in verbal strategy reports occurred during prose recall. Introduction of cognitive training increased recall of…

Discusses self-instructional training used as a cognitive restructuring strategy which has been a successful intervention strategy with elementary school-aged children. Provides case illustration of the strategy used with a withdrawn 14-year-old-girl. (ABL)

Intermediate grade children (N=24) nominated by teachers for aggressive or hostile behavior were assigned to experimental or control groups, with experimental group receiving a group counseling intervention focusing on cognitive behavior techniques, modeling, role playing, and positive reinforcement. Results suggest that, compared to controls,…

Feuerstein's mediated learning theory was applied to a deaf population for investigating the cognitive modifiability of this population. The learning Potential Assessment Device (LPAD) was employed for determining transfer of learning along cognitive and behavioral dimensions. Results showed that the groups who received examiner mediation…

Discusses the causes of insomnia, its detection, and various types of treatment. (SRT)

Rates of adolescent childbearing in the United States are two to ten times higher than in comparable industrialized democracies. Some programs and service options that show promise for reducing the incidence of adolescent pregnancy are identified in this paper. It begins by outlining 11 principles derived from available research and from program…

Reviews the current literature on psychological and psychopharmacologic treatments for bulimia nervosa in the adolescent population. Describes the two most researched psychological treatments--cognitive behavior therapy and interpersonal therapy--in terms of treatment protocols and outcome research. Reviews psychopharmacologic treatment, including…

Describes specific parallels between rational emotive behavior therapy and humanism. Places specific emphasis on the application of these principles with children and adolescents. Concepts are illustrated with case studies and a description of the similarities between rational emotive and humanistic, or affective, education. Highlights emotional…

Presents Chicano/Latino ethnic identity development model that fosters understanding of ethnic identity conflicts particular to Chicano and Latino clients. Presents five stages (causal, cognitive, consequence, working through, and successful resolution) in relationship to ethnic identity conflicts, interventions, and resolution. Combines several…

Used stress-coping model in group work with Israeli single parents to help single parents develop relaxation, cognitive restructuring, and social relationship skills. Data were collected on attendance, participation, stress, and satisfaction. Experience with the group supported the view that single parents experience multiple sources of…