Argues that Nigerian tribal myths and beliefs keeping infants and young children from looking into mirrors interfere with the early development of self-concept. The self-concept of infants is viewed as contributing importantly to the way they perceive other aspects of their environment. (RH)

Tested two hypotheses: (1) formal reasoning is required to balance simple one-step equations; and (2) formal reasoning plus sufficient mental capacity are required to balance many-step equations. Independent variables included intellectual development, mental capacity, and degree of field dependence/independence. With 25 subjects, significance was…

Sex-typed preferences and gender constancy were assessed at ages four through eight years on a cross section of 819 urban children. Findings verified that sex-stereotyped preferences are highly developed among young children, and that, by age five, most children accurately attribute sex-stereotyped preferences to peers of the opposite sex.…

Long term studies of students who participated in preschool education programs show that the differences and effects are not in test scores but in children's ability to meet teachers' expectations and to avoid being labeled failures.(MD)

Administered The Matching Familiar Figures Test to 45 seven- and eight-year-olds to assess the relationship between cognitive style and temperamental variables such as distractibility, persistence, and mood. (HOD)

Examines the ability of six- and eight-year-old children to hide and recover 20 marbles in a large room containing 100 possible sites. Shows that children tend to concentrate activities in sections of the room and are sensitive to clusters of proximal sites. (HOD)

The technological progress in our modern society has reduced the amount of time a child engages in vigorous physical activity. A sound physical education program in the elementary school provides growth and development benefits, physiological and medical benefits, cognitive and academic benefits, and psychosocial benefits. (MT)

Investigated neuropsychological and cognitive basis of achievement and determined the stability of this relation. Addressed the power of the McCarthy Scales and portions of the Reitan-Indiana Test Battery for predicting academic achievement in kindergarten, and first grade; stability over a 2-year period; the ability of tests administered in…

A general assumption of most recent reports on high school education has been that only academic subjects relate to cognitive learning. Analysis of data for the seniors of the 1980 High School and Beyond data set indicates that completion of business courses by students not enrolled in academic courses also leads to cognitive achievement. (Author)

Children's instructional play and adults' self-education are activities characterized by learning without conventional teaching and by interactional variables. Because both child and adult perceive that they have learned "on their own," play as a form of "curriculum" may serve as an important simulation for later, self-directed…

Compares the Genevan and Cattell-Horn theories of intelligence and describes both similarities and differences. Describes a study investigating the relation of the Piagetian operative level to the child's ability to use crystallized solution procedures (aids) in making elementary numerical comparisons. (HOD)

Investigates effects of perceptual salience and specific orientation values on 16 kindergarten and fourth-grade children executing a speeded sorting task. Kindergarten results supported the cognitive processing prediction that orientation sorting times would vary as a function of condition, but no differences were obtained for the fourth-grade…

This article focuses on curriculum analysis, an aspect of direct instruction that is frequently neglected or obscured by an emphasis on classroom management and teacher performance. Explicit strategies that are used to teach higher cognitive skills and the importance of teacher training in the appropriate use of direct instruction are discussed.…

Reviews early theoretical and research literature on handedness and places it within the larger context of the nature-nurture controversy. Discussion focuses on Baldwin's study of the development of hand preference in infants in relation to the recapitulation theory, mental development ("dynamogenesis"), and speech development.…

Examines the relationship between visual attentiveness, search behavior, and duration of independent mobility for 56 eight-to ten-month-old infants when presented with three versions of the Piagetian Stage IV object permanence task. (HOD)