Problems associated with combining observations taken from intact classrooms were examined. Clarification of basic entities to be studied was a critical step in research planning. Classroom observers usually study instructional arrangements and other classroom phenomena. The author used activity structure and its component activity segments as the…

A sociolinguistic study of pupil interpretations of the functions of teacher praise in lessons involved 165 pupils in six classes in a single multiethnic, lower socioeconomic status, elementary school. Procedures involved videotaping six language arts lessons in each classroom. After playbacks of videotapes, pupils were asked individually, "What…

THE FLANDERS METHOD OF INTERACTION ANALYSIS WAS EMPLOYED IN AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF HIGH SCHOOL PHYSICS TEACHING. THE STUDY OBJECTIVES WERE (1) TO DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS AND PATTERNS OF TEACHER-STUDENT VERBAL INTERACTION IN HIGH SCHOOL CLASSROOMS, (2) TO DETERMINE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS, AS MEASURED BY SELECTED ASPECTS OF…

Although differences between field-dependent and field-independent subjects have consistently been described in research on personality variables, insufficient research has been done in classrooms to describe differences in teacher behavior as related to the field-dependence-independence construct. Using ethnographic techniques, this exploratory…

This paper reviews the research carried out in New Zealand classrooms since 1967, including conference papers, theses and dissertations, published articles, and unpublished reports. Classroom research is defined as any work, irrespective of disciplinary affiliation, which is concerned with the actual day to day operation of classroom life. Review…

Elementary school students were ranked by teachers on scales measuring personality characteristics and teacher expectations. Classroom observers also rated the students to assess the validity of teacher rankings and to determine whether teachers and observers use the same characteristics in forming perceptions of students. Teacher rankings and…

This is the fourth in a series of four reports describing a study of 1,614 junior high school mathematics and English students and 69 of their teachers that was undertaken to discover the effects of different teaching behaviors on cognitive and affective student outcomes. This booklet is the working manual used for coder training and includes…

The problems of conducting research in schools are discussed. Solutions to social psychological problems are suggested, and an improved design for research is recommended. Clearer definition of terminology is recommended to avoid the confusion that can result from ambiguous terms. A research design should be adaptable to the administrative and…

The Munby system for coding classroom interaction is an observation system constructed to study the intellectual consequences of varying kinds of science teaching behaviors. The initial use of the system called for making judgments about small portions of teaching, arbitrarily determined from a transcript of the teaching in question. Recent work…

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nature and frequency of speech in two classrooms of New York City kindergartners. Specifically, study of the 52 ethnically and socioeconomically varied youngsters attempted to discover whether: (1) more language was used in some activities than in others, (2) more mature speech was used in some…

This interim report is concerned with the analysis of educational experiments and quasiexperiments where alternative teaching methods are applied to intact classes or where alternative programs are set up in samples of schools or communities. Generally, such studies have used the class, the school, or the community as the unit of sampling with the…

A study was conducted in a school system consisting of one high school, two junior high schools and twelve elementary schools (K-6), to investigate the use of programed instructional materials within the existing classroom structure of an on-going school system. Programed instruction was given in the fields of mathematics and spelling. Aspects of…

A discussion of portable classrooms in California includes statements on the extent of their use, the reasons for their purchase, public attitudes toward them, some possible limitations, and the policy regarding their use. The paper concludes that before policy implementations are imposed on portable classrooms, a new survey must be undertaken…

Tenth grade biology students were randomly assigned to three groups of 36 students each. Each group was presented with the same learning materials. The material was in a printed format for one group, one group was read the material, and the third read the material while it was read to them. All groups were given a printed retention test, and, when…

The research of this study is directed toward finding ways to change behaviors that interfere with education for disadvantaged children. Accordingly, some pilot research was done in a disadvantaged senior high school in Kansas City, Kansas, in 1969. During the subsequent two-year investigation, the researchers were able to develop an experimental…