This paper reviews recent empirical and conceptual studies pertaining to stress in childhood and offers an integrative, cognitive-developmental theory for understanding childhood stress and coping. The theory builds upon Hunt's (1979) view of the epigenesis of intrinsic motivation and Block's (1982) formulation of assimilation and accommodation…

Included in this volume are papers on stress management in athletics; eight of the ten papers are followed with a "Coach's Reaction": (1) "Competitive Athletic Stress Factors in Athletes and Coaches" (Walter Kroll); (2) "Mental Preparation for Peak Performance in Swimmers" (Eugene F. Gauron)--Coach's Reaction by Suzi…

This document presents a two-part monograph developed to focus attention on emergency worker needs. It is designed to aid the paid and volunteer workers who respond to major disasters and should be useful to all agencies engaged in disaster relief operations; to regional, state, and local emergency planners; and to private charitable organizations…

A research study examined inner-city junior high school students' coping processes in relation to stressful academic and social events in the school environment. Data on coping styles were collected from approximately 200 students (Grade 7-8) with the Academic Coping Inventory, a self-report measure with four dimensions (positive coping,…

This paper addresses the issues concerning latchkey children in the United States and the need for parents, schools, and communities to support special programs for these children. It is emphasized that although these children have received increased attention, research findings have not conclusively shown what types of programs will best meet the…

The human qualities which are valued in American society are different from, and sometimes construed as opposite to, the qualities deemed desirable in women. This values conflict provided the impetus for a study of women doctoral students. Twenty women who were pursuing doctoral degrees in educational leadership or counseling psychology at one…

Although research documents the adverse effects of parental divorce on children, there is little information on clinical intervention for this population. To empirically test the effectiveness and relative contribution of differing treatments, a program of planned, brief (6 weeks) intervention, aimed at altering children's negative attitudes or…

While the relationship between stressful life events, social support, and health outcomes has received much attention, efforts to quantify social support and directly examine specific ameliorative effects have resulted in mixed findings. Direct and mediational effects of two psychometrically validated measures of perceived and received social…

Recent research has emphasized the need to identify the effectiveness of various coping strategies and social supports used by adolescent mothers. This study examined how adolescents cope with life stresses in nine problem areas. Participants were adolescent mothers who returned to school after the birth of their baby (N=40), adolescent mothers…

The paper presents observations of families having adult members with learning disabilities and describes a residential program to facilitate the transition to independent living of lower functioning learning disabled young adults. The program, called Independence Center, involves placing participants in apartments with roommates and helping them…

As role sharing becomes increasingly common in families where both husband and wife have careers, role overload becomes a major problem. To identify role management strategies that dual-career and dual-earner families (families in which both husband and wife are employed, the wife in a non-professional occupation) use to increase role reward,…

Local public officials may be confronted with the use of economic multipliers when asked to react to project proposals, to environmental impact statements, or to other studies containing economic impact analyses. Employment, income, and output multipliers are tools for estimating private sector economic impacts of a new development within a local…

Although informal assessments of caregiver training and support groups have been positive, empirical evidence of their beneficial impact is needed. To evaluate a group program for families of elderly parents, a pre/postmeasure, experimental/control group design was implemented. Adults participating in two workshops on "Your Aging…

Interviews with 19 adults participating in adult basic education or literacy programs were conducted to ascertain the strategies they used to compensate for reading and writing difficulties. Although the project intended to secure this information from adults diagnosed as learning disabled, it had to rely on self-reports and educational history to…

The purpose of this ongoing study is to assess the impact of style of coping, self-image, family environment, and perceptions of parenting skills on the adaptation of adolescents to the stressors of parenthood. A total of 27 adolescent mothers and their infants, and a cohort of 16 pregnant teens, have thus far participated in the study. Each of…