Interviews with university women faculty suggest that token women, nontoken women, and those whose departments had mixed patterns did not differ in their accuracy in recognizing status differentials between the genders. (Author/BEF)

Explores the extent to which limited institutional support in law school environments cripples the chances of faculty of color in their efforts to succeed, noting mechanisms that scholars of color in law schools have used in an effort to combat racial and gender discrimination (e.g., the creation of parallel institutions in the form of minority…

A conversation with Mary Ellis, president of the American Vocational Association, reveals three major concerns of vocational educators: professional development, legislation, and outreach and public relations. The role of women and the problem of tokenism in the profession are also issues of major importance to the association. (MW)

This study addresses concern about bias in educational materials for elementary school pupils. Children's storybooks were examined for the appearance of biases across the cultural categories of race, ethnicity, gender, age, socioeconomic level, religion, and environmental background. These biases included stereotyping, invisibility (omission of…

Research has shown that an active mentor can facilitate the career development of the neophyte. The hypothesis was tested that the failure of women to sponsor others, i.e., to assume a mentor role, is the logical outcome of situational pressures exerted on all persons who fill, and succeed in, a token role, rather than merely how women act when…

This paper examines bureaucratic resistance to implementing policy mandates on sex equity. Three facets of a women's program are examined: 1) the legislative and organizational history of Women in Development (WID) within the Agency for International Development (AID); 2) the resources available to the WID Office within the context of AID…

TOKEN INTEGRATION IN THE SOUTH HAD ESSENTIALLY THE SAME GOAL THAT MASSIVE RESISTANCE HAD, IT TRIED TO PRESERVE THE ALREADY ESTABLISHED SEGREGATION. THOUGH IT MET THE DEMANDS OF THE SUPREME COURT BY ALLOWING SOME INTEGRATION, IT STILL MAINTAINED DE FACTO SEGREGATION. METHODS OF KEEPING SCHOOL INTEGRATION AT A TOKEN LEVEL INCLUDED PUPIL PLACEMENT…

Data on successful school desegregation is misleading. Schools claiming to be integrated have been subtly resegregated by manipulation of staffing and financing and by encouraging the attitude that black students do not have the ability for high academic achievement. (JD)

Criticized the research of Young, MacKenzie, & Sherif (1980), designed to test Laws' (1975) analysis of token women in academia. The appropriateness of the study as a test of Laws' theory is questioned since no evidence is offered for the validity of the independent variables as measures of tokenism. (Author/JAC)

Distinguishes between two definitions of "token woman": i.e., (1) one of few women in a predominantly male setting; and (2) women who have made the distinctive psychological adaptation described by Laws (1975). Constantinople's critique is appropriate as an alternative to Laws' theory, but not as a criticism of the author's research. (Author/JAC)

Surveys a number of sociology departments in four year institutions throughout the United States in order to determine whether minority women in academic sociology suffer an extra disadvantage in possessing the two devalued characteristics of sex and race simultaneously. Urges that professional isolation and other concomitants of tokenism be…

ONE YEAR AFTER THE PASSAGE OF THE 1964 CIVIL RIGHTS ACT THE BEST AVAILABLE DATA SHOW ONLY 151,409 NEGROES IN DESEGREGATED CLASSES IN THE 11 STATES IN THE DEEP SOUTH--5.2 PERCENT OF THE NEGRO SCHOOL CENSUS. THESE FIGURES ARE ABOUT 60,000 LESS THAN THOSE REPORTED BY THE OFFICE OF EDUCATION. DESPITE STATEMENTS BY STATE, LOCAL, AND SOME FEDERAL…

A dramatization from a new work by black Harvard professor Derrick Bell is presented. In "And We Are Not Saved," the heroine describes how affirmative action at her university came to a screeching halt when it became too successful. (MLW)

Discusses the relationship between cultural context and the instructional design of interactive multimedia and argues for multiple cultural, rather than multicultural, contextualization of instructional design. Topics include world views; values, ideologies, culture, class and gender; objectivism; constructivism; deracialization; learning theory;…

Suggests that school systems refrain from policies of token dispersal unless black parents specifically request such a program, and proposes that a small number of predominantly white schools allow integration with larger percentages of minority students. (Author/AM)