The response-shift phenomenon is demonstrated in a typical classroom setting. Retrospective pre-ratings in self-report instruments are shown to yield more accurate estimates of pre-instruction knowledge than simple pre-ratings. (Author/CM)

Proposes a typology promoting a conceptual model that addresses the increased demand for use of group processes, continued effectiveness of leadership training programs, research issues regarding basic group dynamics, and generic models designed for the increased understanding of the myriad of group forms across the group spectrum. (Author)

Described is a study designed to effect a change in school-related attitudes (towards science and school lunch) using cognitive dissonance theory. Results support the idea that inducing students to engage in behavior considered desirable by others but not necessarily by the students themselves might change the attitude in question. (CS)

Describes a one-day workshop developed to deliver practical information on the relationship of diet and health to senior citizens in rural communities. Clinical information was provided as a stimulus to examine current eating patterns. Tools and techniques were presented to make dietary modifications selected by participants. (Author)

This study extends previous work in the use of descriptive reinforcement procedures to increase productivity of new forms in artwork. Subjects were four kindergarteners who demonstrated an absence of diverse forms in their paintings. Results indicated that form diversity was improved and that the improvement lasted over time. (SJL)

This study is an evaluation of the effect of a newspaper antilitter campaign directed toward heavily littered areas within a community. Newspaper publicity can affect the amount of litter present by identifying troublesome areas and providing feedback about the areas. (Author/SA)

Fantasy has proven successful in counseling situations in elementary schools. It can reduce fears, lower tension and test anxiety, inhibit acting-out behavior, bypass emotional blocks, help children find alternative behaviors, improve self-concept, elicit self-disclosure, and stimulate creativity. (Author)

Criticizes the operant approach to the study of life span development from a theoretical behaviorism view. It is argued that the operant approach is too limited in its scope to enhance significantly the conceptualization and understanding of life span development. (Author/DB)

A case study of a high school student concerned with weight problems illustrates multimodal behavior therapy and its use in a high school setting. Multimodal therapy allows the school counselor to maximize referral sources while emphasizing growth and actualization. (JAC)

Observation of infants and toddlers in a day care setting revealed that frequency of teacher-child interaction decreased and peer interaction increased with age. The increase in peer interaction appeared to be related to the toddlers' greater capacity for reciprocating social behaviors and increased use of vocal behavior in interactions. (JMB)

Three replications of a structural equation model for the prediction of behavior are tested, using a questionnaire assessing undergraduate students' attitudes, subjective norms, intentions, and behavior. The proposed models supersede the Fishbein-Ajzen theory in their ability to reflect the dynamics of attitude-behavior relations. (Author/RD)

The effect of group counseling techniques in reducing habitual truancy among a group of high school special education students was studied. It was determined that nondirect counseling methods--especially when combined with contingency contracting--were effective in increasing school attendance. (MH)

Teachers participated in a course on behavioral approaches in the classroom. Training was conducted in phases: Information, Instructions to Practice, Guided Practice, Coding Practice, and Performance Feedback. Significant increases in positive teacher behaviors and decreases in negative teacher behaviors were observed but were not maintained.…

The principles of behavioral engineering were applied to create a program for delinquent youth to facilitate their adjustment into the regular pattern of the normal public school. Results indicated that the behavioral engineering method produced a significantly greater number of placements and significantly less recidivism. (Author)

Describes study to determine the success of university students' behavioral self-control projects. Results indicate that the teaching of self-control principles is easily integrated into personal adjustment classes and can have lasting effects on students' coping skills. (KC)