Reports that English, Italian, and Arabic were the official languages of Somalia 1960, even though 95% of the population spoke Somali. However, under a totalitarian regime that came to power in the early 1970's, Somalia was able to promote Somali as the official language. Offers guidance for implementation of literacy campaigns. (Contains 18…

In September 1991, the National Conference of State Legislatures surveyed the legislatures in 44 states, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia to identify priority issues for the 1992 session. The survey covered almost 1,000 issues in 18 topic areas. This report of the survey results includes sections on each of the following topic areas: (1)…

This study identifies successful election strategies employed by community colleges in bond issues or tax levy increase elections, and distills these strategies into a list of principles or rules that can be utilized by colleges in preparing for such an event. Results of case studies conducted at Maricopa (Arizona), Santa Monica (California), and…

Guidelines for implementing a plan to integrate an HIV positive child into the educational mainstream are offered in this paper. Although the issue involves a special health problem, the action plan is applicable to any controversial integration project. Components of the plan include working with parents and students, curriculum development,…

In reaction to the economic risks associated with an over reliance on oil and gas exports, residents of the Midland/Odessa area of Texas began seeking diversification options for the local economy and, in 1986, formed the Midland/Odessa Health and Retirement Endeavor (MOHRE). This non-profit corporation was formed to examine the feasibility of…

The efforts of national organizations, whether governmental or voluntary, to promote conservation and to develop public awareness and sympathy will be successful only in proportion to the extent that people identify these efforts with their own quality of life. This report focuses on the main theme of the conference held in May, 1985, by the North…

Local public officials may be confronted with the use of economic multipliers when asked to react to project proposals, to environmental impact statements, or to other studies containing economic impact analyses. Employment, income, and output multipliers are tools for estimating private sector economic impacts of a new development within a local…

An investigation of a proposed public transit was based on the assumptions that knowledge of school tax referenda should provide a framework for understanding voter behavior in other types of referenda, and that propositions generated in one type of research should hold up in another. It was anticipated that there would be spillover effects from…

Research on schoolboard and city council elections over a 60-year period in Santa Barbara, California, indicates that the community made roughly simultaneous changes in policy direction in both political areas. The study examines the effects of common ideologies or values on electoral issues and candidates as well as the role of elections as…

A term project for a journalism course in documentary photography (the proposal for which is cited in ED 177 560) centered on photographically documenting a rural community and measuring its symbolic sociodramas. The focus of the project was to determine how various community groups interpreted a given set of photographs selected to represent a…

Published to provide the reader with a working knowledge of the educational programs provided for local governments by land grant institutions in the 12 Northeastern states, these proceedings present papers and summary reports covering important aspects of the various programs. Part I contains in-depth papers concerning: the development of local…

The ballot, as a device to communicate to the government by citizens, is perceived to be much more effective in some settings--the direct question in a local election--and less effective in others--the major questions and primary offices in a national election. Such political facts of life are part of the resurging interest in the referendum as a…

Drawing from an analysis of educational innovation attempted in 200 school districts throughout the United States, this essay describes critical aspects of the implementation process. Four micro-level premises are critical to larger macro-level change policies. First, external inputs into the implementation process must be congruent with local…

To determine the attitudes of teenagers toward their hometown newspapers was the purpose of this study. A four-page questionnaire in which students compared the local newspaper with other news media and expressed their attitudes on statements about this newspaper was answered by 887 teenagers. Tentative conclusions indicated that the students felt…

A manual is presented which provides a common, preliminary frame of reference for seminar participants who desire to develop procedures for studying major social problems through the use of the urban community as a laboratory. Broadly, the seminar concentrates upon providing access to data and facilitation data collection and analyses. Although…