Affirmative action selection will not inevitably lead to negative responses from either beneficiaries or nonbeneficiaries. Being a beneficiary of affirmative action will not necessarily make the person a token. (PS)

In white professional organizations, black scholars cannot afford to operate only in separate in-groups. They must assert themselves in realistic ways that will affect structures of power to the extent that their efforts will affect goals, objectives, and postures of white professional organizations; they must also assume power. (Author/DR)

Examines the historical record of blacks receiving honorary degrees through the following stages: total exclusion; institutional tokenism; and genuine recognition of merit and achievement. Honorary degrees awarded between 1952 and 1994 by Harvard, Yale, and Princeton universities are listed. (GR)

Intended for producers of educational materials, the document offers guidelines to assure that print and nonprint educational materials reflect a positive, fair, and balanced representation of persons with exceptionalities. Nine guidelines are discussed: (1) 10% of the contents should include or represent children or adults with an exceptionality;…

SINCE THE 1954 SUPREME COURT DESEGREGATION CASE, SMALL COMMUNITIES IN SOUTHERN AND WESTERN PARTS OF TEXAS VOLUNTARILY DESEGREGATED THEIR SMALL NUMBERS OF NEGROES INTO WHITE SCHOOLS, PRINCIPALLY FOR FINANCIAL REASONS. THE LARGE CITIES BEGAN TO DESEGREGATE ALSO. DESPITE THE GOVERNOR'S INTENTION TO SLOW DOWN INTEGRATION, THERE WERE 60 DISTRICTS OPEN…

The success of student government activities on any campus is significantly affected by the amount of student participation permitted in the institution's decision-making processes. The traditional" model of government--characterized by tokenism--often results in the separate jurisdictions" model-- characterized by fragmentation and interest…

Addresses challenges faced when working in a multicultural library setting and discusses the need for library administration to create supportive environments. Highlights include fluctuating power dynamics; merging diverse opinions and approaches; overcoming perceived lack of empathy; tokenism; accountability; and transforming challenges into…

Black administrators hired in the latter part of the 1960s and early 1970s are experiencing numerous problems and are frustrated in their efforts to perform their duties. They have not been given power and authority in the formal administrative structure of the institution commensurate with their responsibilities. (Author)

Measurement of White attitudes, based on the acceptance of three conditions of what proportion of the student body is Black, indicates that, although many Whites in the sample accepted the idea of school integration under any circumstances, many accepted the idea only if Black students remained in the minority. (Author/EB)

Discusses the history of blacks in higher education institutions. (PB)

An edited interview presents some frank, forthright responses relating to a great variety of concerns, from culture and stereotyping to poverty and tokenism. (Author)

Examines whether stereotypes can threaten in private settings. Results revealed that minority students performed worse than same-gender students in both public and private environments. Finding supports the concept of threatening intellectual environments and shows how far reaching the effects of stereotypes can be. Discusses these findings in…

Examines a black researcher's contention that Pennsylvania State University practices racial discrimination by hiring token black administrators then giving them no real power to shape school policy. The article also discusses claims of discriminatory research-funding practices and an underrepresentation of blacks on campus compared with other,…

A discussion of the manner in which blacks are portrayed in television drama and comedy. (HB)

A discussion of the manner in which blacks are portrayed in television drama and comedy. (HB)