Based on the author's Ph. D. dissertation submitted to the Department of Psychology at the State University of New York at Buffalo.

A word problem is more difficult to solve when the minimum number of different operations to reach the correct solution is large, when it is of a different type than a problem preceding it, when the indexed complexity of its most complex sentence is great, when there are a large number of words in the problem, and when a conversion of units (as…

Examples of cross-cultural stability or instability of mental test items are illustrated. A statistical procedure involving the cross-plotting of item difficulties for two different groups and generating a line of mutual regression through the resulting scatter of points is described. D-values, representing the perpendicular distance, in delta…

Elementary school students and adults were presented with a paired comparison task of visual complexity in which contour and presence or absence of structure in the patterns were manipulated. Results indicated that complexity judgments of all subjects were affected by the presence of structure at lower levels of contour. (GO)

Presents a study of communication development in 5-year-old children. Subjects described multidimensional triangles for the listener. Tasks involved simple or complex attribute variation. Results indicated success only on simple tasks. (CM)

A modification of Hoyt's analysis of variance model for test analysis was proposed by Lu. A difficulty that may be encountered in using Lu's modification is examined, and a solution is proposed. (JKS)

This panel study examined the determinants of supervisory, employee, and group decision-making in departments or units within a complex organization. Available from: Comparative Administration Research Institute, Kent State University Press, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242. (Author)

Synthesizes much of the literature on technology and size relative to the two dependent variables that appear to be most alike: structural differentiation and complexity. The better test of a direct causal effect is to examine relationships between rates of change in these variables, not associations between levels. (Author/IRT)

Research on the effects of numerical control (NC) machining on the skills of machinists presents mixed results. Interviews with a small group of machinists experienced in both conventional and NC matching suggest seven major factors that affect whether NC automation changes the overall skill level. The deskilling hypothesis is not supported by…

This study reports intraindividual variations in the semantic and syntactic complexity of language and in the linguistic errors produced by mildly and moderately impaired adult aphasic subjects (N=10) in different communication contexts. Aphasic patients exhibited at least as many linguistic variations as controls in response to changing…

The Ravens Standard Progressive Matrices Test was administered to 48 subjects who then performed a card-sorting task under single- and competing-task conditions. Hick's Law and the Roth-Jensen procedure were used in task development. Complexity should have a more central role in speed of processing models of intelligence than ability to divide…

Involving children three and four years of age, studies examined the basis for the difficulty of discriminating between left-right orientations of a shape in standard two-choice task. It was concluded that difficulty of left-right judgments lies in the cognitive demands of the task and is to be understood in the same terms as other problems in…

Distractible elementary students (N=44) were assigned to one of four experimental conditions, reflecting manipulations of reinforcement and task difficulty. For difficult tasks, students assigned to contingencies for correct academic performance alone were off-task more and scored significantly lower in academic performance than Ss receiving…

The influence of changes in wording of simple arithmetic problems without affecting semantic structure on the level of difficulty for primary-grade students was investigated. Data analysis produced results that rewording the problem so that the semantic relations are made more explicit facilitates the construction of an appropriate mental…