In this article, we review factors that are associated with science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) achievement and describe the development of the Predictors of Black Outcomes in STEM Survey (PBOSS). We retain a well-fitted three-factor model (engagement, continuity, and guiding functions) and find that the PBOSS scores are…

This article presents a latent class model for multilevel data to identify latent subgroups and estimate heterogeneous treatment effects. Unlike sequential approaches that partition data first and then estimate average treatment effects (ATEs) within classes, we employ a Bayesian procedure to jointly estimate mixing probability, selection, and…

Retention, or readmission as it is commonly known in the case of the University of Dhaka--the largest public university in Bangladesh--has gradually been becoming more of an important educational issue as Bangladesh moves toward her development goals and the education system struggles to keep up. This study is an institutional departmental case…

Background: Written reflective practice (WRP) is a teaching tool used across speech--language therapy (SLT) clinical education programmes. The process aims to support the development of reflective skills required for the workplace (e.g., problem-solving and self-evaluation). Aims: This cross-sectional and repeated-measures study design…

Background/Context: The proposed paper will share findings from a dissertation study examining mindfulness as a tool to reduce the impacts of educator bias on school discipline disparities. Teachers are the single most important factor in determining student achievement compared to any other aspect of schooling, yet studies are finding that the…

Assessing students' conceptions related to independence of events and determining probabilities from a sample space has been the focus of research in probability education for over 40 years. While we know a lot from past studies about predictable ways students may reason with well-known tasks, developing a diagnostic assessment that can be used by…

The contrary of stochastic independence splits up into two cases: pairs of events being favourable or being unfavourable. Examples show that both notions have quite unexpected properties, some of them being opposite to intuition. For example, transitivity does not hold. Stochastic dependence is also useful to explain cases of Simpson's paradox.

Human reasoning about and with uncertainty is often at odds with the principles of classical probability. Order effects, conjunction biases, and sure-thing inclinations suggest that an entirely different set of probability axioms could be developed and indeed may be needed to describe such habits. Recent work in diverse fields, including cognitive…

The Schwarz or Bayesian information criterion (BIC) is one of the most widely used tools for model comparison in social science research. The BIC, however, is not suitable for evaluating models with order constraints on the parameters of interest. This article explores two extensions of the BIC for evaluating order-constrained models, one where a…

Central questions in the study of visual word recognition and developmental dyslexia are whether early lexical activation precedes and supports decoding (a dual-stage view) or not (dual-route view), and the locus of deficits in dysfluent reading. The dual-route view predicts early word frequency and length interaction, whereas the dual-stage view…

The aim of this paper is to review some studies conducted with different learning areas in which the schemes of different participants emerge. Also it is about to show how mathematical proofs are handled in these studies by considering Harel and Sowder's classification of proof schemes with specific examples. As a result, it was seen that the…

Purpose: Does the rising share of Latino students in US schools help to integrate previously White campuses or exacerbate racial and economic segregation over time? This article details trends in the segregation of Latino children enrolled in elementary schools, 2000-2015, then examines how evolving patterns differ among the nation's school…

Elementary-age students with Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) tend to experience more challenges and demonstrate lower homework completion as compared with peers without IEPs. Parent involvement in homework can significantly improve a child's homework achievement, but little research has examined the factors associated with higher levels…

Examining the sequential patterns of self-regulated learning (SRL) behaviors is gaining popularity to understand students' performance differences. However, few studies have looked at the transition probabilities among different SRL behaviors. Moreover, there is a lack of research investigating the temporal structures of students' SRL behaviors…

Computer science is a dynamic field of study that requires constant review and updating of the curricular designs in academic programs--in general, measuring the impact of plan changes has been little explored in the literature. In most cases, it focuses only on structuring its curricula, leaving aside several factors associated with important…