Erasmus+ supports inter-European exchanges for many students each year. The participants were asked to take a pre- and posttest with online language support (OLS). The study measured students' English development via OLS pre- and posttest scores from 2015-2021. Mixed methods with an explanatory-sequential design were utilized in this research.…

The semi-direct speaking test format has limitations, particularly due to its lack of situational authenticity and contextualized input. To address this issue, virtual reality (VR) can be integrated into speaking proficiency tests to enhance authenticity. In this study, a newly designed VR speaking test was administered, and test-takers'…

Grammar teaching has long been considered an important area of second language (L2) learning. It is also, arguably, one of the most challenging as teachers grapple with abstract concepts and complex structures assembled to express meaning across a range of contexts. Despite a wealth of research concerned with grammar teaching and learning, little…

This study explores the underlying component reading skills that explain reading comprehension challenges faced by learners in multilingual settings who are instructed in a language in which they may or may not have oral language proficiency. Using data collected in the Philippines, Rwanda, and Kenya, we apply a two-step latent class analysis to…

Background/purpose: This study examines how well EFL students perform in English language learning using Kagan's Cooperative Learning Approach (KCLA). Conventional teaching approaches frequently fail to actively involve students, which lowers achievement. With an emphasis on teamwork and active engagement, this study seeks to ascertain whether…

The SWEL coaching model provides teacher leaders with the tools they need to develop customized professional development. This book is designed to facilitate the School-Wide English Learning (SWEL) peer coaching model at any school that serves multilingual learners of English, whether they make up most of the student body or a smaller group within…

This edited volume brings together studies that test the effectiveness of original version television for foreign language learning and the possible ways to enhance this learning process. The wide availability of on-demand streaming platforms and the popularity of television as a leisure activity grant language learners access to massive amounts…

Formative assessment is an important dimension of teaching reform, and so introducing formative assessment into teaching is of great importance for transforming students' performance. It is also important to explore teachers' understanding and practices of formative assessment. The present research therefore examined how university English…

For more than three decades, there has been a paradigm shift in approaches to the teaching of world languages in the classroom. The shift has been influenced heavily by the literature on second language acquisition and teaching as well as the development and implementation of the national standards for teaching and learning. The purpose of this…

Self-directed learning and blended learning are instructional methods to enhance students' current learning behaviour and promote their lifelong learning. This research aims to develop the self-directed learning instructional model by implementing a blended learning method with English subject group teachers in opportunity expansion schools in…

Language mindsets and L2 willingness to communicate (L2 WTC) are closely related and have contributed greatly to learners' L2 learning achievements under the SLA paradigm. However, relatively less attention has been given to the influence of language mindsets and L2 WTC on L2 pragmatic acquisition. This paper aims to examine the potential…

Shin and Mill (2021) propose four steps children go through when learning "variable form use." Although I applaud Shin and Miller's focus on morphosyntactic variation, their accrual of evidence is post hoc and selective. Fortunately, Shin and Miller recognize this and encourage tests of their ideas. In support of their work, I share data…

Most deaf children have hearing parents who do not know a sign language at birth and are at risk of limited language input during early childhood. Studying these children as they learn a sign language has revealed that timing of first-language exposure critically shapes language outcomes. But the input deaf children receive in their first language…

Motivation and anxiety are two crucial factors influencing learning outcomes, yet limited empirical research on expectancy-value theory can be found within previous literature about Chinese undergraduate students studying English as a foreign language (EFL). Moreover, few studies have examined the interaction between motivation and skill-specific…

In recent decades, language revitalisation policies, programmes and initiatives have had to develop in an environment of major social, political, economic, or technological changes that have had an extraordinary impact on the governance of minority language revitalisation. In this context, we have studied the changes that have taken place in the…