The socioeconomic status of a community is the strongest predictor of salary levels paid to teachers. Both community ability and effort are strongly affected by socioeconomic status factors, which in turn condition characteristics of teachers (experience and training levels) through staffing and salary policies of boards of education. (Author/IRT)

Contrasts aptitude by treatment interaction (ATI) and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) methods for making cross-level inferences between individual-level and group-level factors in school effectiveness research. Recommends HLM when intraclass correlations are high. ATI is suitable when intraclass correlations are low, but partitioning the…

Investigates the pattern of predictors for male and female attitudes toward lesbians. The following significant predictors are investigated: (1) gender role attitudes; (2) parents' attitudes toward lesbians; (3) authoritarianism; and (4) education and media exposures. Sex differences in attitudes toward lesbians are discussed. (JS)

This study explores interrelationships among the following components of Erik Erikson's theory of ego identity formation: (1) the identity crisis; (2) the institutionalized moratoria; (3) the ego-superego struggle for dominance of the personality; and (4) the value orientation stages. Humanistically oriented adolescents are more likely to have a…

Bayesian and empirical Bayes approaches to shrinkage estimation of regression coefficients and uses of these in prediction (i.e., analyzing intelligence test data of children with learning problems) are investigated. The two methods are consistently better at predicting response variables than are either least squares or least absolute deviations.…

Discussion of teacher attitudes toward computer-assisted instruction (CAI) highlights a study that examined the relationship between Eysenck's personality factors (i.e., extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism), religiosity, and attitudes toward CAI in a sample of 190 female teacher trainees at Bar-Ilan University (Israel). (36 references)…

Examines two methods of differentially classifying language-delayed children as either specifically language impaired (SLI) or developmental-lag language impaired. Results indicated significant differences in classification between the two methods of defining SLI, as well as substantial changes in classification over time using either method. (47…

Analyzes structural factors affecting the cross-sectional variation in occupational differentiation between urban Blacks and Whites. Finds that the relative size of the Black population is the most powerful indicator of the level of occupational differentiation, but that educational level and the size of the urban population also had significant…

Tests of 172 fourth grade students in Zaria, Nigeria, supported the hypotheses that non-Western subjects' difficulties in judging depth in linear pictures are a function of individual perceptual organization, and that training could improve field independence and depth perception. Discusses child-rearing practices that may increase field…

Different approaches to defining suppression in multiple regression/correlation are compared, and their differences are illustrated. A test for determining the significance of a suppressor effect, which is based on the definition of suppression of W. F. Velicer, is extended to the general multiple predictor case and analysis of variance. (SLD)

Explores the effects of task characteristics and structural characteristics on aspects of information processing based on a survey of employees in the Australian telecommunications industry. Relevant research is reviewed; the analysis of results is explained; and implications for organizations are suggested. (Contains 42 references.) (LRW)

Analysis of 19 language features in impromptu essays written by 96 students (half males, half females) from grades 4, 8, and 12 enabled researchers to identify the gender of the writer 84-87 percent of the time. Further analyses established a relationship between this "gender-linked language effect" and subjective attributional ratings by…

Analyzed the relative contributions of academic ability, music experience, and musical aptitude to predicting grades in college freshman music theory courses. Found that the best predictor of grades was the mathematics component of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). Data analysis revealed five factors that accounted for 78.6 percent of the…

Analyzes concentration of employment opportunities for different socioeconomic groups in different local labor-market areas (LMAs). Uses regression analysis of 1980 census data. Finds rural LMAs offer fewer opportunities. Gender differences in occupational concentrations relate to industrial composition of labor market. Racial difference is…

Presents results of a meta-analysis conducted on the literature concerning the effects of feedback on learning from computer-based instruction. Effect size, analysis of variance, multiple regression, and posttest data are described, and the critical role of feedback in computerized instruction is discussed. Contains 50 references. (Author/LRW)