The ability of 378 elementary school students (aged 9-12 years) in Israel to extract "lawfulnesses" (invariants) from experience and to react to error by reexamining the problem and finding the error was studied on a self-paced inference task. Results are discussed in terms of postfailure reflectivity and postfailure impulsivity. (SLD)

Fourth grade Taiwan students (94 males and 97 females) completed 2 cognitive risk-taking tasks with variable payoff or fixed payoff in a game or test context. Both variable payoff and game context increased the level of academic risk taking. Results are discussed concerning interactions between ability and risk taking. (SLD)

The at-risk concept has become a deficit notion. Policymakers neglect those for whom at-risk programs are intended, ignoring accounts of institutional injustice previously accompanying the term. At-risk has become an administrative agenda that identifies failure before it occurs. Effective reform efforts require parents, teachers, and students who…

Found that (1) children perceived that school failure attributed to lack of competence, task difficulty, and a bad explanation by the teacher is controllable; and (2) children with problems in learning and concentration perceived failure attributed to lack of effort as noncontrollable more often than did children without such problems. (BB)

Critiques special education as a professional and institutional practice and public education as social practice. Compares the Education for All Handicapped Children Act and the Regular Education Initiative. Argues that school organization and specialized professional culture are not conducive to educational excellence and equity and proposes…

Describes research on the development of chronic conduct problems in childhood and adolescence, examining a multiple risk-factor model that includes biological predispositions, ecological context, family processes, peer influences, academic performance, and social information processing as factors leading to conduct problems. The paper describes a…

Discusses the current problem of school failure in Luxembourg. Examines school failure in general and describes the main characteristics of Luxembourg's school system, highlighting possible remedial solutions to the situation that are being recommended by the government, and examining pertinent developments in the field of teacher training. (SM)

Results of two experiments involving 35 college students and 96 junior high school students studying spontaneous cognitions after receiving test results or taking a test show that success triggers evaluative cognitions while failure triggers attributions, particularly in uncertain situations.(SLD)

This article reflects on previous articles (EC 624 620-621) that explore how pre-existing structures within the educational system impede the academic achievement of many African-American learners. It urges more educators to be willing to critique school practices and to seek understanding of African American culture in order to alter teacher,…

Discusses the tremendous barriers to success in college that Navajo students face. Discusses five major forms: financial difficulty, family obligations, prescriptive attitudes toward Standard American English, instructor/faculty ethnocentrism, and ambivalence toward Western education. Discusses ways faculty can work to mitigate these barriers as…

Describes the development of an educational community that was created for assisting alienated high school students. The article describes how the teachers and school administration moved through the conception, design, planning, and implementation phases of the study-team process. Concluding comments highlight how the program helped marginalized…

Draws on a project undertaken for the United Kingdom Government Department for Education and Employment, focusing on the role of ethnic monitoring in identifying low attainment and the investigation of ways to raise attainment. Offers suggestions for the use of ethnic monitoring of school processes. (CMK)

This study examined ways in which children's risk of school failure may be moderated by support from teachers. Participants were 910 children in a national prospective study. Children were identified as at risk at ages 5-6 years on the basis of demographic characteristics and the display of multiple functional (behavioral, attention, academic,…

Although much research has been done on bilingual students from a variety of backgrounds, little research has been done specifically on the needs of K-12 Hmong students. Hmong students are refugees and children of refugees who immigrated to the United States since 1975, leaving their home country of Laos. California public schools have…

In this study we investigated the lives and academic histories of eight students enrolled in an alternative-school program in a mid-sized Midwestern city. Through the triangulation of interviews, fieldnotes, local newspaper articles, artifacts such as student work and information provided in cumulative folders, and a battery of measures of…