Trends of the late 1970s in educational labor relations will continue in the 1980s. There will be less legislation permitting public sector unionization, slower union organizing, tougher negotiations, more inter-union fights, more attempts to organize educational managers, greater political activity among educational unions, and increased debate…

This article reviews the International Labour Organisation's standard-setting activities to combat or regulate child labor (fixing of a minimum age for employment or work, establishment of the conditions under which children may work); discusses the means of enforcing standards; and describes the situation in practice. (CT)

Outlines five approaches to the use of court injunctions to end public employee work stoppages. The current use of injunctions seriously impedes free and open collective bargaining. (Author/IRT)

Examines the impact of private labor rulings on Pennsylvania's public employee laws, public sector strikes and their implications, and Pennsylvania's public employee laws and the right to strike. Available from Duquesne Law Review, 901 Rockwell Hall, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15219; sc $3.50. (Author/IRT)

The right to strike should be granted to public school teachers. If proper mediation procedures are mandated, the strike weapon would be used only as a last resort to collective bargaining. Available from Southwestern University School of Law, 675 South Westmoreland Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90005. (Author)

Notes that the duty of fair representation in the public sector is the same as in the private and argues that expanding the former to include liability for negligent representation is one method of accommodating conflicting interests in a constitutionally compatible manner. (Author/IRT)

An examination of the eight public employee statutes in force in Washington--considering which rights are granted public employees, which are denied, and which remain unclear--points out the inadequacy of this approach. The eight existing statutes should be consolidated. Available from Gonzaga Law Review, Gonzaga University School of Law, Gonzaga…

Two theme articles examine the union situation in Italy and Belgium respectively: "Trade Unions and Training: Workers' Rights to Training from the Early 1970s to the Early 1990s" (Vittorio Capecchi); and "Paid Educational Leave in Belgium: Is Legislation Slipping off the Track?" (Christian Piret, Emile Creutz). (SK)

Discusses major laws related to the rights of workers. Covers wages and required work hours, unemployment; on-the-job safety, compensation for work-related illness or injury, protection from harassment and discrimination, the right to join a union, and employer administration of drug or polygraph tests. (JOW)

The author reviews the passage of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 and interpretations and policies that have been derived from this act. Problems that have arisen from the application of the act are discussed. (CH)

Describes traditional forms of apprenticeship in Africa and examines legislative and institutional attempts to improve the system. Makes recommendations for obtaining greater cost effectiveness by combining on-the-job training with theoretical instruction, upgrading trainers, and giving them fair remuneration. (SK)

Discusses Milton Meltzer's recent contribution to historical nonfiction, "Cheap Raw Material," which documents the long, horrifying history of the ritualized abuse of children through child labor practices. Appends questions to stimulate student response to the book. (RS)